Modeling Lane-Changing Behavior in Freeway Off-Ramp Areas from the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study

Table 1

Potential factors contributing to the lane change.

Category	Factor	Data source
(1) Trip plan	Numbers of lane changes needed in order to exit the ramp	Determined by video of front view
	Relative distance to the off-ramp at the initial point of a lane-changing event	Calculated from the time series data
(2) Traffic environment	Density and speed of traffic in the lane, distribution of heavy vehicles, driving regulations, and so on	Video camera and Doppler radar
	Relative speed and gaps of the subject vehicle with respect to surrounding cars	We use Gap Time (GT) as index to reflect neighboring conditions
(3) Driver and vehicle characteristics	Demographic variables, physical conditions, driving experience	Questionnaire