Improving Bus Operations through Integrated Dynamic Holding Control and Schedule Optimization

Table 2

Summary of primary parameters.

Parameter	Definition
	Bus number
	Stop number
	The amount of buses
	The amount of stops
	The scheduled arrival time of bus at stop
	The actual arrival time of bus at stop
	The deviation from scheduled arrival time of bus at stop .
	The headway between bus and bus at stop .
	The average cruising time between stop and stop .
	The random noise in the cruising time of bus between stop and stop
	The holding time applied to bus at stop
	The amount of slack time inserted in the schedule at stop
	The passenger arriving rate at stop
	The passenger boarding rate
	A dimensionless measure for the demand rate at stop .
	The target headway