Improving Bus Operations through Integrated Dynamic Holding Control and Schedule Optimization

Table 4

All possible cases of EWT.

	Case 1	Case 2		Case 3
Case  Depiction	Bus can take all the passengers who cannot board bus .	Only part of the passengers who cannot board bus are able to board bus , and the remaining passengers have to wait bus for boarding.		When some of the passengers who cannot board bus have to wait for more than 2 buses for boarding.
		Case 2.1	Case 2.2
		Bus is already full before collecting those passengers and therefore all passengers have to wait for bus .	Bus can collect some of the passengers, and all the other passengers have to wait for bus .
Condition	(1); (2)	(1); (2); (3)	(1); (2); (3)	(1); (2)
Average Number of Passengers	Equation (30)	Equation (33)	Equation (35)	Equation (37)
Average Extra Waiting Time	Equation (32)	Equation (34)	Equation (36)	Equation (37)