A Study on Contestable Regions in Europe through the Use of a New Rail Cost Function: An Application to the Hinterland of the New Container Terminal of Leghorn Port

Table 1

Electric energy consumption, in Wh/TKBC (unit of measure: Wh/(t ∙ km)), according to the slope value. Source: Baumgartner [21].

Distance between two successive stops	Maximum running speed	Gradient	Unit consumption
km	km/h	or mm/m	Wh/TKBC
100	140	0 to 5	40 (35 to 50)
100	120	0 to 5	30 (25 to 35)
100	100	0 to 5	22 (17 to 27)
100	80	0 to 5	15 (10 to 20)
50	60	0 to 5	15 (10 to 30)
50	60 to 80	25	45 (45 to 50)
5	80	0 to 5	25 (20 to 30)
5	60	25	50 (45 to 55)

TKBC= total gross tonne-kilometre (including the mass of locomotive(s)).