Reference Problem name Charging Other Objective C TW MIX LRP F L NL PR DFC BS TD H Bektaş and Laporte [40 ] PRP X X Emission model, speed limitation Total costs: labor, fuel and emission as a function of load and speed Conrad and Figliozzi [22 ] Recharging VRP X X X Vehicle number and total traveling costs: distance, service time, recharging time Gonçalves et al. [21 ] VRPPD with mixed fleet X X X No CS location, time constraint Total traveling costs: fixed and variable Demir et al. [32 ] PRP X X Emission model Total traveling costs: labor, fuel and emission as a function of load and speed; speed optimization Erdoğan and Miller-Hooks [23 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance Omidvar and Tavakkoli-Moghaddam [24 ] GVRP X X X X AFVs, limited fuel capacity and route duration, congestion management Total costs: vehicle fixed costs, distance, time and emission Abdallah [41 ] PHEVRPTW X X X X X Electric charge cost is neglected Routing costs: time run on the fossil oil Barco et al. [34 , 42 ] E-VRP and charge scheduling X X X X X Energy consumption and battery degradation model, private and public CS, time-dependent energy rates Energy consumption Davis and Figliozzi [10 ] X X Energy consumption model with speed profiles, limit route duration and energy consumption (battery capacity), no recharging during the route Total costs: vehicle purchase, energy, maintenance, tax incentive, battery replacement, routing Van Duin et al. [43 ] FSMVRPTW, EVFSMVRPTW X X X No recharge, range constrained by battery, relaxed time window constraints, emission Total costs: vehicle fixed costs, time and distance Adler and Mirchandani [44 ] Online routing of BEVs X Battery reservations, waiting for fully charged battery The average vehicle delay time Alesiani and Maslekar [45 ] BEV routing X Waiting time cost at CS is proportional to the number of EVs in CS, limiting the number of CSs in route and number of vehicles in CS, energy consumption model Traveling, charging and energy consumption costs Demir et al. [37 ] PRP X X Fuel consumption and emission model Bi-objective minimization of Felipe et al. [46 ] GVRP-MTPR X X X X Total recharging costs: fixed and variable Preis et al. [35 ] Energy-optimized routing of BEVs X X X Energy consumption model Energy consumption Sassi et al. [47 ] 48 ]49 ] HEVRP-TDMF VRP-HFCC VRP-MFHEV X X X X X Time-dependent charging costs, operating windows and power limitation of CS, compatibility of BEVs with chargers, electricity grid capacity [47 , 49 ] Vehicle number and total costs: fixed, routing, charging and waiting costs Schneider et al. [25 ] E-VRPTW X X X Vehicle number and total traveled distance Zündorf [50 ] EVRC X X X X Battery constrained SPP, different CS types: regular, superchargers and BSS, energy consumption model Travel time Bruglieri et al. [29 , 51 ] E-VRPTW X X X X Vehicle number and total travel, recharging and waiting time Goeke and Schneider [30 ] E-VRPTWMF X X X X Energy consumption model: varying BEV load, road slope Vehicle number and different objectives: (i) distance, (ii) costs: labor, driver wage, vehicle propulsion - electric energy and diesel costs, (iii) (ii) + battery replacement cost Lebeau et al. [52 ] FSMVRPTW-EV X X X X Energy consumption model based on the collected data, recharge only at the depot Total costs: vehicles fixed and operating costs, labor costs Moghaddam [53 ] E-VRPTWPR X X X X Capacitated CSs Vehicle number and number of CSs Pourazarm et al. [54 ] Single/Multi BEV routing X X X Homogeneous and in-homogeneous CSs Total time Schneider et al. [55 ] VRPIS (EVRPRF) X X Total travel and fixed vehicle costs Yang and Sun [56 ] BSS-EV-LRP X X X Total routing and construction costs Desaulniers et al. [57 ] E-VRPTW -SF/MF/SP/MP X X X X Vehicle number and total routing costs Doppstadt et al. [58 ] HEV-TSP X X Four modes of travel: combustion, electric, charging and boost mode, no CSs visits Total costs as long as maximal route duration is not overrun Hiermann et al. [31 ] E-FSMFTW X X X X Vehicle number and total costs: vehicle fixed and routing costs Keskin and Çatay [28 ] E-VRPTWPR X X X X Vehicle number and total traveled distance Koç and Karaoglan [59 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance Lin et al. [60 ] E-VRP X X Energy consumption model and load effect Total costs: battery charging, travel time and waiting costs Masliakova [61 ] Routing and charging of electric buses X X X Energy consumption model, two types of buses depending on the charging event: en-route or at depot, homogeneous and in-homogeneous CSs Investment and operations costs, a travel time of passengers Mirmohammadi et al. [62 ] Periodic green VRP X X X X Periodic routing, primary and secondary time windows, static traffic conditions within a period Total emissions, total service time and penalties Montoya et al. [63 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance Roberti and Wen [64 ] E-TSPTW X X X Total traveled distance Schiffer et al. [11 , 27 ] E-LRPTWPR X X X X X CSs at customers’ locations, pickup and delivery, multiple driver shifts and multiple planning periods, emissions Total costs during the planning period: CS and BEV investment costs, fixed costs (tax, maintenance), distance dependent costs (energy) Wen et al. [65 ] E-VSP X X Timetable bus trips, multiple depots, time windows of depots and CSs Total cost: vehicles and traveling costs Andelmin and Bartolini [66 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and traveled distance Çatay and Keskin [67 ] E-VRPTWPR X X X X X Normal and fast charger at CSs Vehicle number and total recharging costs Froger et al. [68 ] E-VRP-NL-C X X X Capacitated CSs Total travel, service, charging and waiting time Hof et al. [69 ] BSS-EV-LRP X X X Total routing and construction costs Leggieri and Haouari [70 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance Mancini [71 ] HVRP X Full instant recharge Total traveled distance with penalties for using internal combustion engine Montoya et al. [72 ] E-VRP-NL X X X CS types: slow, moderate and rapid Total travel and recharging time Schiffer and Walther [73 ] E-LRPTWPR X X X X X Total distance, number of vehicles and CSs used, total costs: investment costs of BEVs and CSs, and operational costs Shao et al. [74 ] EVRP-CTVTT X X X X Total costs: travel, charging, penalty, and fixed vehicle costs Sweda et al. [75 ] Adaptive routing and recharging policies of EVs X X Heterogeneous CSs - the probability of being available and expected waiting time, origin-destination pairs Traveling, waiting and recharging costs Vincent et al. [76 ] HVRP X X Vertex demand in CVRP is associated with travel time for each arc in HVRP Total costs Amiri et al. [39 ] BSS location & scheduling X X Multi-objective - minimization of Bruglieri et al. [77 ] E-VReP X X One way car sharing service, workers with bicycles go to the EVs locations and relocate them, battery level demand request Multi-objective: Joo and Lim [78 ] EV routing Energy SPP, no recharging, energy consumption model Minimize energy consumption and average speed on the path Keskin and Çatay [79 ] E-VRPTW-FC X X X X X Vehicle number and total recharging costs Keskin et al. [80 ] E-VRPTW-FC X X X X M/M/1 queuing system at capacitated CSs, battery capacity restriction, four planning intervals in a day, partial recharge not evident in paper Total cost: energy cost, routing, labor and penalties for late arrivals Kullman et al. [81 ] E-VRP-PP X X X Public and private CSs, capacitated CS, single charging technology per CS Expected time to visit all the customers Li et al. [82 ] MBFM & recharging problem X X Electric, diesel, compressed natural gas and hybrid-diesel buses Total network benefit of replacing old vehicles with new ones within the planning horizon and budget constraints Lu et al. [83 ] MTFSP X X X X Travel request are known a priori in time-varying origin-destination tables, service and deadheaded trips with different consumption rate, BEVs have higher priority than ICEVs Total operating cost of a taxi company Masmoudi et al. [84 ] DARP-EV X X X X Energy consumption model of Genikomsakis and Mitrentsis [85 ] with constant speed, acceleration and road slope; different vehicle resources: accompanying person seat, handicapped person seat, stretcher and/or a wheelchair, limited user ride time Total routing costs (distance) Paz et al. [86 ] MDEVLRPTW - BS/PR/BSPR X X X X X X Three MIP models depending on the partial recharge and BSS Total traveled distance Pelletier et al. [87 ] EFV-CSP X X X Preemptive charging with a limited number of chargers and charging events at the depot, time-dependent energy costs, FRD charge, grid restriction, cyclic and calendar battery degradation Total charging costs Poonthalir and Nadarajan [38 ] F-GVRP X Fuel consumption model, varying speed, AFVs, limited route duration Bi-objective: Schiffer and Walther [88 ] LRPIF X X X X X Loading and refueling facilities Total costs: investment costs of vehicles and facilities, routing costs Schiffer and Walther [89 ] RELRPTWPR X X X X X Uncertain customer pattern scenarios over working days regarding the spatial customer distribution, demand and service time windows Total costs: investment costs of vehicles and facilities, routing costs Shao et al. [90 ] E-VRP X X Energy consumption model: cargo load, uncertain travel speed Total costs: travel, charging and fixed vehicle costs Wang et al. [91 ] BEV routing X Parking fee, capacitated CSs - queuing time Multi-objective minimization of Zhang et al. [36 ] E-VRP X Energy consumption model, emissions, static speed, charging time unknown Energy consumption Basso et al. [92 ] 2sEVRP X X X X Each CSs can have different charging rate, energy consumption model for road segments: speed profile, road slope, acceleration Total energy consumption Breunig et al. [93 ] E2EVRP X Two echelons - first ICEVs and second BEVs, full recharge when visiting CSs, charging time unknown Total routing costs Bruglieri et al. [94 ] GVRP X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance Froger et al. [95 ] E-VRP-NL X X X Total travel and charging time Hiermann et al. [96 ] X X X X X X Propulsion mode decision Total costs: fixed and variable Jie et al. [97 ] 2E-EVRP-BSS X X Routing in two echelons, sensitivity analysis of battery driving range and vehicle emissions Total routing costs, the battery swapping costs and the handling costs at the satellites Koyuncu and Yavuz [98 ] MGVRP X X X X X X ICEVs (fixed recharge time) and AFVs, node- and -arc MILP formulation, single recharge technology per CS, additional modeling: customer demands, customer vehicle restrictions, subscription or pay-as-you-go refueling costs, completely heterogeneous fleet, last-mile delivery and closed time windows Total traveling cost Macrina et al. [99 ] GMFVRP-PRTW X X X X X X X Single recharge technology per CS, but different charging technologies between CSs, energy consumption model for road segments with time-dependent speeds Cost of energy recharged during the route and at the depot, fuel costs, and cost related to traveled distance Macrina et al. [33 ] GMFVRP-PRTW X X X X X X Single recharge technology per CS, but different charging technologies between CSs Recharging, routing and activation costs, limit emissions Normasari et al. [100 ] CGVRP X X AFVs, limited route duration Vehicle number and total traveled distance
