Research Article

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Injury Severity with Geographically Weighted Panel Logistic Regression Model

Table 1

Summary of the parameters.

VariableDescriptionCount (proportion)

(i) Dependent variables
Injury severity0-PDO10041 (40%)
1-Injury and fatality14988 (60%)

(ii) Categorical variables
Crash type1-Angle10799 (43.1%)
2-Backing208 (0.8%)
3-Head-on144 (0.6%)
4-Rear-end9786 (39.1%)
5-Sideswipe1700 (6.8%)
6-Non-collision2343 (9.3%)
7-Unknown-base49 (0.2%)
Vehicle 1 type1-Car13796 (55.1%)
2-Truck/bus4735 (18.9%)
3-Motorcycle-base463 (1.8%)
4-Other1700 (6.8%)
5-Pickup/van4335 (17.4%)
Vehicle 1 driver age0-less than 16 years old-base5528 (22.1%)
1-16-25 years old5484 (21.9%)
2-26-65 years old12307 (49.2%)
3-more than 65 years old1710 (6.8%)
Vehicle 1 action1-Backing up191 (0.7%)
2-Changing lanes1545 (6.2%)
3-Going straight14049 (56.1%)
4-Making U-turn335 (1.3%)
5-Passing other vehicles/racing107 (0.4%)
6-Stopping211 (0.8%)
7-Turning left3886 (15.5%)
8-Turning right1772 (7.1%)
9-Other-base173 (0.7%)
10-Unreportd2192 (8.7%)
11-Unknown568 (2.3%)
Vehicle 1 driver condition1-Apparently normal17036 (68.0%)
2-Driving under influence (DUI)2165 (8.6%)
3-Drowsiness, fatigue, fainted etc.245 (0.9%)
4-Illness/physical impairment209 (0.8%)
5-Inattention/distraction1072 (4.3%)
6-Obstructed view67 (0.2%)
7-Other-base613 (2.4%)
8-Unknown3622 (14.5%)
Vehicle 1 condition1-Disregarding traffic signs/signals/road markings2133 (8.5%)
2-Driving too fast1402 (5.6%)
3-Failure to yield right of way5081 (20.3%)
4-Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road1880 (7.5%)
5-Following too closely3763 (15.0%)
6-Hit and run1715 (6.9%)
7-Making an improper turn678 (2.7%)
8-Mechanical defects85 (0.3%)
9-Other improper driving4211 (16.8%)
10-Unknown-base4081 (16.3%)
Vehicle 2 type1-Car13073 (52.2%)
2-Truck/bus4483 (17.9%)
3-Motorcycle-base449 (1.8%)
4-Other3333 (13.3%)
5-Pickup/van3691 (14.7%)
Vehicle 2 driver age0-less than 16 years old-base6053 (24.2%)
1-16-25 years old3605(14.4%)
2-26-65 years old14123(56.4%)
3-more than 65 years old1248(5.0%)
Vehicle 2 action1-Backing up7 (0.03%)
2-Changing lanes104 (4.2%)
3-Going straight10898 (43.5%)
4-Making U-turn47 (0.2%)
5-Passing other vehicles/racing27 (0.1%)
6-Stopping8398 (33.6%)
7-Turning left1374 (5.5%)
8-Turning right456 (1.8%)
9-Other-base16 (0.06%)
10-Unreported562 (2.2%)
11-Unknown3140 (12.5%)
Vehicle 2 driver condition1-Apparently normal21238 (84.8%)
2-Driving under influence (DUI)103 (0.4%)
3-Drowsiness, fatigue, fainting, etc.81 (0.3%)
4-Illness/physical impairment9 (0.04%)
5-Inattention/distraction10 (0.04%)
6-Obstructed view5 (0.02%)
7-Other-base17 (0.07%)
8-Unknown3566 (14.2%)
Vehicle 2 condition1-Disregarding traffic signs/signals/road markings79 (0.3%)
2-Driving too fast47 (0.18%)
3-Failure to yield right of way91 (0.36%)
4-Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road41 (0.16%)
5-Following too closely65 (0.26%)
6-Hit and run122 (0.48%)
7-Making an improper turn19 (0.08%)
8-Mechanical defects15 (0.06%)
9-Other improper driving225 (0.89%)
10-Unknown-base24325 (97.18%)
First harm1-Cross median/centerline71 (0.28%)
2-Fence/wall20 (0.08%)
3-Light/luminary support28 (0.11%)
4-Motor vehicle in transport6728 (26.9%)
5-Pedal cycle/pedestrian254 (1.0%)
6-Running off road left/right273 (1.1%)
7-Slow/stopping vehicle1041 (4.2%)
8-Other fixed/movable objects82 (0.33%)
9-Other non-collision60 (0.24%)
10-No data-base16471 (65.8%)
Road conditions1-Dry22211 (88.7%)
2-Wet497 (1.9%)
3-Ice/snow26 (0.1%)
4-Unknown-base2295 (9.3%)
Weather conditions1-Clear21074 (84.2%)
2-Cloudy3295 (13.2%)
3-Rain497 (1.9%)
4-Blowing sand, soil, dirt, snow50 (0.2%)
5-Other7 (0.03%)
6-Unknown-base106 (0.4%)
Lighting conditions1-Daylight14945 (59.7%)
2-Dark7084 (28.3%)
3-Dawn325 (1.3%)
4-Dusk446 (1.8%)
5-Unknown-base2229 (8.9%)
Highway Factor1-Active work zone416 (1.7%)
2-Inactive work zone476(1.9%)
3-Weather449 (1.8%)
4-Other496 (1.9%)
5-None-base23193 (92.7%)

MeanS.D.Min.Max.

(iii) Continuous variables
Total vehicleTotal vehicles involved2.040.59110

(iv) Indicator variables (Yes=1, No=0)
 Pedal cyclistPedal cyclist0.0201
 PedestrianPedestrian0.0401
 MotorcyclistMotor cyclist0.0201

Note: unknown category in the dataset has no actual data.