Evaluation of Ramp Metering Impacts on Travel Time Reliability and Traffic Operations through Simulation

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab7"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:5.88em"/><col style="width:5.70em"/><col style="width:7.65em"/><col style="width:6.02em"/><col style="width:6.04em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"> </td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.3641pt" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 14.7256 12.3641" width="14.7256pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M447 623H65C61 580 56 530 47 475H76C100 541 106 550 172 550H388C308 376 196 170 91 -1L98 -12L172 -2C268 204 360 408 455 611L447 623Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.242,-5.741)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.127,-5.741)"><path d="M522 0V30C462 35 455 41 455 106V280C455 397 397 451 314 451C262 451 206 414 171 379V710C131 698 69 682 20 675V647C87 642 90 637 90 574V106C90 41 80 35 20 30V0H236V30C176 35 171 43 171 106V339C198 371 237 391 276 391C341 391 374 350 374 269V106C374 43 367 35 308 30V0H522Z"></path></g></svg> St.</td><td class="align_center">Southwest Blvd.</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.3641pt" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 20.989 12.3641" width="20.989pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.527,-5.741)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.412,-5.741)"><path d="M522 0V30C462 35 455 41 455 106V280C455 397 397 451 314 451C262 451 206 414 171 379V710C131 698 69 682 20 675V647C87 642 90 637 90 574V106C90 41 80 35 20 30V0H236V30C176 35 171 43 171 106V339C198 371 237 391 276 391C341 391 374 350 374 269V106C374 43 367 35 308 30V0H522Z"></path></g></svg> St.</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.3641pt" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 20.989 12.3641" width="20.989pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M137 343C167 482 260 545 321 574C357 591 397 603 429 609L423 641C382 634 335 622 295 608C189 570 37 457 37 238C37 84 125 -12 242 -12C362 -12 447 89 447 209C447 311 374 393 267 393C247 393 226 386 204 376L137 343ZM227 337C318 337 361 256 361 173C361 105 336 22 258 22C176 22 126 120 126 240C126 266 127 291 132 310C155 323 189 337 227 337Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M447 623H65C61 580 56 530 47 475H76C100 541 106 550 172 550H388C308 376 196 170 91 -1L98 -12L172 -2C268 204 360 408 455 611L447 623Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.527,-5.741)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.412,-5.741)"><path d="M522 0V30C462 35 455 41 455 106V280C455 397 397 451 314 451C262 451 206 414 171 379V710C131 698 69 682 20 675V647C87 642 90 637 90 574V106C90 41 80 35 20 30V0H236V30C176 35 171 43 171 106V339C198 371 237 391 276 391C341 391 374 350 374 269V106C374 43 367 35 308 30V0H522Z"></path></g></svg> St.</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">No Control</td><td class="align_center">50 minutes</td><td class="align_center">80 minutes</td><td class="align_center">105 minutes</td><td class="align_center">155 minutes</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">ALINEA</td><td class="align_center">0 minutes</td><td class="align_center">0 minutes</td><td class="align_center">60 minutes</td><td class="align_center">155 minutes</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">HERO</td><td class="align_center">0 minutes</td><td class="align_center">50 minutes</td><td class="align_center">80 minutes</td><td class="align_center">150 minutes</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Congestion duration for the three control scenarios.</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

tab7

Table 7

Table 7: Evaluation of Ramp Metering Impacts on Travel Time Reliability and Traffic Operations through Simulation 