Evaluating Railway Operation Safety Situation in China Based on an Improved TOPSIS Method: A Regional Perspective

Table 2

Summary of relevant publications on the TOPSIS method.

Subjects	Publications	Main contents	Methods	Weights	Data
Overviews	[19]	Describe the situation with reviews of MCDM methods	—	—	Related literature
	[20, 22]	Development, classification, and comparison of TOPSIS methods	Clustering and comparative analysis	—	Related literature
Traditional TOPSIS	[23]	System operation performance evaluation	TOPSIS method based on the Euclidean distance	Entropy weight	Operational statistics
Fuzzy-TOPSIS	[24, 42]	Introduce fuzzy numbers to solve the uncertainty problem	TOPSIS method with fuzzy theory	Combined weight (subjective and entropy)	Surveys
SPA-TOPSIS	[36, 37]	Introduce connection number of SPA and IFS to handle the uncertainty problem	SPA-TOPSIS-IFS	Subjective weight	Numerical examples
	[38]	Evaluate energy security performance from a regional perspective	SPA-TOPSIS	MTGS weight	Environmental statistics
Comprehensive application	[33]	Provide a comprehensive framework for solving the material selection problem	TOPSIS-COPRAS-DEA	Multiple weights (subjective, entropy, and digital logic)	Numerical examples
	[34]	Develop a novel integrated model to improve the conventional FMEA technique	FMEA-TOPSIS-cloud model	Subjective weight	Numerical examples
Safety situation evaluation	This paper	Evaluate operational safety situation from a regional perspective	SPA-TOPSIS-CSM	Combined weight (subjective, natural, and entropy)	Accident statistics

IFS, intuitionistic fuzzy set; MTGS, Mahalanobis–Taguchi Gram–Schmidt method; COPRAS, complex proportional assessment; FMEA, failure mode and effect analysis.