Bilevel Optimization for the Hazmat Transportation Problem with Lane Reservation

<div>The trend of the average ratio as <svg height="11.439pt" id="M165" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 19.6728 11.439" width="19.6728pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3.419,0)"><path d="M962 650H739L732 622L760 619C812 613 819 604 798 552C760 457 671 267 606 131H604L511 638H480L237 131H233L183 554C177 607 183 614 226 619L248 622L257 650H24L17 622C88 615 92 611 103 524L173 -11H203L450 491H453L543 -11H575L839 529C882 609 886 613 953 622L962 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.088,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g></svg> increases.</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Bilevel Optimization for the Hazmat Transportation Problem with Lane Reservation 