Lewis–Mogridge Points: A Nonarbitrary Method to Include Induced Traffic in Cost-Benefit Analyses

<div>Travel costs <svg height="11.927pt" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.4186 11.927" width="12.4186pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M329 433H203L239 587L230 596L147 534L123 433H57L30 395L34 388H115L61 129C37 16 59 -12 85 -12C147 -12 222 58 260 98L241 125C212 95 160 62 144 62C132 62 127 71 138 126L192 386L305 394L329 433Z"></path></g></svg> against relative perceived utility increase in the mode-choice model <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.141pt" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.4007pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7403 75.5175 12.141" width="75.5175pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M723 650H473V615C541 611 564 591 570 556C575 526 580 488 580 417V310C580 143 528 53 409 53C301 53 247 140 247 290V508C247 602 257 608 330 615V650H29V615C103 608 113 602 113 508V272C113 155 140 81 196 36C244 -1 307 -15 373 -15C444 -15 512 10 558 58C614 118 630 202 630 308V417C630 488 634 525 639 556C644 591 669 612 723 615V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.477,3.132)"><path d="M403 124C367 92 337 83 296 83S159 125 159 257C159 361 204 400 244 400C270 400 301 385 344 348C352 341 359 337 366 337C384 337 410 365 410 395C411 410 407 422 392 433C375 446 343 457 305 457H304C266 457 199 443 133 395C69 348 30 277 30 202C30 92 112 -12 250 -12C311 -12 378 30 425 96L403 124Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.518,3.132)"><path d="M476 46L464 83C454 79 442 75 430 75C414 75 398 88 398 135V295C398 350 389 395 345 427C317 448 285 457 244 457C184 446 112 410 75 385C53 368 40 356 40 337C40 308 78 285 104 285C125 285 141 292 148 318C156 348 165 374 177 388C187 399 198 405 211 405C250 405 271 368 271 310V285C248 264 170 239 110 217C56 197 31 172 31 119C31 55 82 -12 169 -12C188 -12 236 20 275 46C280 35 287 21 302 9C315 -3 336 -12 364 -12L476 46ZM271 85C253 72 242 68 228 68C205 68 167 87 167 142C167 176 183 193 214 209C235 219 252 230 271 241V85Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.822,3.132)"><path d="M226 352V458C164 439 105 428 40 420V387C87 376 95 372 95 322V108C95 49 87 44 31 39V0H310V39C231 45 226 49 226 108V289C243 329 263 341 282 341C299 341 313 334 330 321C337 315 347 312 361 317C388 327 411 355 411 393C411 428 382 457 342 457C308 457 268 419 228 352H226Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.755,0)"><path d="M567 230V280H69V230H567Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.531,0)"><path d="M901 255C861 290 790 361 716 442L694 427L796 280H69V230H796L694 83L716 68C790 149 861 220 901 255Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.642,0)"><path d="M723 650H473V615C541 611 564 591 570 556C575 526 580 488 580 417V310C580 143 528 53 409 53C301 53 247 140 247 290V508C247 602 257 608 330 615V650H29V615C103 608 113 602 113 508V272C113 155 140 81 196 36C244 -1 307 -15 373 -15C444 -15 512 10 558 58C614 118 630 202 630 308V417C630 488 634 525 639 556C644 591 669 612 723 615V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,57.119,3.132)"><path d="M403 124C367 92 337 83 296 83S159 125 159 257C159 361 204 400 244 400C270 400 301 385 344 348C352 341 359 337 366 337C384 337 410 365 410 395C411 410 407 422 392 433C375 446 343 457 305 457H304C266 457 199 443 133 395C69 348 30 277 30 202C30 92 112 -12 250 -12C311 -12 378 30 425 96L403 124Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,61.16,3.132)"><path d="M476 46L464 83C454 79 442 75 430 75C414 75 398 88 398 135V295C398 350 389 395 345 427C317 448 285 457 244 457C184 446 112 410 75 385C53 368 40 356 40 337C40 308 78 285 104 285C125 285 141 292 148 318C156 348 165 374 177 388C187 399 198 405 211 405C250 405 271 368 271 310V285C248 264 170 239 110 217C56 197 31 172 31 119C31 55 82 -12 169 -12C188 -12 236 20 275 46C280 35 287 21 302 9C315 -3 336 -12 364 -12L476 46ZM271 85C253 72 242 68 228 68C205 68 167 87 167 142C167 176 183 193 214 209C235 219 252 230 271 241V85Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,65.464,3.132)"><path d="M226 352V458C164 439 105 428 40 420V387C87 376 95 372 95 322V108C95 49 87 44 31 39V0H310V39C231 45 226 49 226 108V289C243 329 263 341 282 341C299 341 313 334 330 321C337 315 347 312 361 317C388 327 411 355 411 393C411 428 382 457 342 457C308 457 268 419 228 352H226Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,69.223,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Lewis–Mogridge Points: A Nonarbitrary Method to Include Induced Traffic in Cost-Benefit Analyses 