Lewis–Mogridge Points: A Nonarbitrary Method to Include Induced Traffic in Cost-Benefit Analyses

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Cost</td><td class="align_center"><i>C</i></td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.4007 11.927" width="14.4007pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M538 684C542 703 539 710 529 710C512 710 455 682 363 674L361 644H396C444 644 448 642 438 594L405 438C373 450 347 451 336 451C288 451 200 416 147 374C69 312 24 207 24 113C24 29 60 -12 94 -12C126 -12 156 4 196 30C231 53 296 100 346 166H348L328 81C311 10 325 -12 348 -12C380 -12 450 24 512 98L495 125C466 97 431 70 417 70C408 70 408 80 411 98L538 684ZM390 373L361 240C336 196 210 56 145 56C132 56 113 73 113 131C113 216 156 338 220 379C243 394 266 402 303 402C331 402 375 388 390 373Z"></path></g></svg> (veh-km)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.4186 11.927" width="12.4186pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M329 433H203L239 587L230 596L147 534L123 433H57L30 395L34 388H115L61 129C37 16 59 -12 85 -12C147 -12 222 58 260 98L241 125C212 95 160 62 144 62C132 62 127 71 138 126L192 386L305 394L329 433Z"></path></g></svg> (veh-h)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.9453pt" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-3.309401pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.3686 11.9453" width="13.3686pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M219 86C216 168 211 250 206 337C201 410 189 448 163 448C131 448 79 396 43 344L60 322C91 359 110 375 118 375S132 358 136 298C141 238 152 81 155 -12H182C242 62 331 177 390 258C435 321 451 360 451 391C450 424 432 448 408 448C390 448 372 435 366 419C362 410 362 401 366 394C373 383 376 367 376 350C376 283 262 138 221 86H219Z"></path></g></svg> (km/h)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Initial (“do-nothing”)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 83.0983ptpx;"><svg height="12.2741pt" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-2.98577pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 83.0983 12.2741" width="83.0983pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.684,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 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275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1013987</td><td class="align_center">22123</td><td class="align_center">45.833</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">After improvement</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 95.2564ptpx;"><svg height="13.7825pt" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-2.985801pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 95.2564 13.7825" width="95.2564pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.684,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.182,0)"><path d="M534 -230V-198C472 -191 467 -186 467 -127V336C467 404 469 422 470 442L465 446C441 437 423 434 414 434C403 434 396 435 381 440C370 444 350 451 309 454C158 455 29 343 29 201C29 103 99 -12 259 -12L339 22V-126C339 -187 330 -190 260 -198V-230H534ZM339 58C327 52 317 50 303 50C247 50 170 115 170 235C170 358 226 413 271 413C293 413 319 398 339 372V58Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.15,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.861,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.124,0)"><path d="M716 650H478V622C549 617 570 605 575 566C579 535 582 493 582 401V326C582 161 537 40 393 40C269 40 205 133 205 294V521C205 611 213 617 291 622V650H33V622C111 615 120 611 120 521V272C120 154 148 80 208 34C252 0 309 -14 368 -14C434 -14 501 7 548 55C605 116 623 201 623 319V401C623 493 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270Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,90.448,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1011961</td><td class="align_center">21664</td><td class="align_center">46.711</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Benefit</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 28.0484ptpx;"><svg height="13.0648pt" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-2.268101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 28.0484 13.0648" width="28.0484pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M578 512C578 619 494 650 387 650H140L134 622C219 615 223 609 210 542L127 119C112 40 104 34 23 28L17 0H235C317 0 387 7 444 33C515 65 564 122 564 195C564 289 495 335 412 352V354C505 373 578 422 578 512ZM486 510C486 422 423 367 314 367H257L294 565C299 591 305 602 315 608C324 614 339 617 362 617C421 617 486 595 486 510ZM466 200C466 100 393 35 296 35C222 35 198 51 212 127L250 333H303C388 333 466 303 466 200Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.813,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.311,0)"><path d="M338 322C336 342 324 413 314 436C291 446 264 454 218 454C113 453 50 390 50 312C50 226 131 187 178 164C239 135 253 110 253 81C253 51 231 27 199 27C138 27 91 96 69 159L40 156C40 108 49 38 55 22C76 7 128 -12 181 -12C265 -12 360 37 360 136C360 214 306 249 225 284C174 307 151 330 151 361C151 393 176 415 202 415C249 415 281 374 308 313L338 322Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.29,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.369,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 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367H257L294 565C299 591 305 602 315 608C324 614 339 617 362 617C421 617 486 595 486 510ZM466 200C466 100 393 35 296 35C222 35 198 51 212 127L250 333H303C388 333 466 303 466 200Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.311,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.672,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.357,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">0.2%</td><td class="align_center">2.0%</td><td class="align_center">1.92%</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Fixed-demand benefits of the road network improvement scheme.</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Lewis–Mogridge Points: A Nonarbitrary Method to Include Induced Traffic in Cost-Benefit Analyses 