Understanding Electric Bikers’ Red-Light Running Behavior: Predictive Utility of Theory of Planned Behavior vs Prototype Willingness Model

Table 4

Effects of the independent variables on RLR intention, willingness, and behavior in three models.

	RLR intention			RLR willingness			RLR behavior
	Direct	Indirect	Total	Direct	Indirect	Total	Direct	Indirect	Total
TPB model
AT	0.291^∗∗∗		0.291^∗∗∗					0.079^∗∗∗	0.079^∗∗∗
SN	−0.114^∗∗	−0.027^∗∗	−0.141^∗∗∗					−0.158^∗∗∗	−0.158^∗∗∗
PBC	0.527^∗∗∗	0.048^∗∗	0.575^∗∗∗				0.254^∗∗∗	0.369^∗∗∗	0.623^∗∗∗
PB	0.094^∗∗		0.094^∗∗				0.420^∗∗∗	0.025^∗∗	0.445^∗∗∗
RI							0.270^∗∗∗		0.270^∗∗∗
PWM model
AT	0.361^∗∗∗	−0.026	0.335^∗∗∗	0.257^∗∗∗		0.257^∗∗∗		0.160^∗∗∗	0.160^∗∗∗
SN	−0.073^∗		−0.073^∗					−0.013^∗	−0.013^∗
PB	0.196^∗∗∗	−0.044	0.152^∗∗∗	0.434^∗∗∗		0.434^∗∗∗	0.140^∗∗	0.197^∗∗∗	0.337^∗∗∗
PF	0.132^∗	−0.013^∗	0.119	0.127^∗		0.127^∗	0.285^∗∗∗	0.071^∗∗∗	0.356^∗∗∗
PS	0.364^∗∗∗	−0.021^∗	0.343^∗∗∗	0.203^∗∗∗		0.203^∗∗∗		0.139^∗∗∗	0.139^∗∗∗
RW	−0.102		−0.102				0.395^∗∗∗	−0.018^∗	0.377^∗∗∗
RI							0.173^∗∗∗		0.173^∗∗∗
TPB-PWM model
AT	0.282^∗∗∗	−0.014	0.268^∗∗∗	0.256^∗∗∗		0.256^∗∗∗		0.148^∗∗∗	0.148^∗∗∗
SN	−0.036		−0.036					−0.006	−0.006
PBC	0.428^∗∗∗		0.428^∗∗∗					0.075^∗∗∗	0.075^∗∗∗
PB	0.075	−0.023	0.052	0.432^∗∗∗		0.432^∗∗∗	0.142^∗∗	0.179^∗∗∗	0.321^∗∗∗
PF	0.082	−0.007	0.075	0.132^∗		0.132^∗	0.283^∗∗∗	0.065^∗∗∗	0.348^∗∗∗
PS	0.191^∗∗∗	−0.011	0.180^∗∗∗	0.199^∗∗∗		0.199^∗∗∗		0.110^∗∗∗	0.110^∗∗∗
RW	−0.054		−0.054				0.393^∗∗∗	−0.009	0.384^∗∗∗
RI							0.175^∗∗∗		0.175^∗∗∗

Note. ^∗; ^∗∗; ^∗∗∗.