Implementing Surrogate Safety Measures in Driving Simulator and Evaluating the Safety Effects of Simulator-Based Training on Risky Driving Behaviors

Table 4

Summary of statistics for surrogate safety measures in before and after intervention.

Types of risky driving behaviors	SSMs	Novice			Elderly			Commercial
		(n = 21)			(n = 16)			(n = 21)
				t-stat			t-stat			t-stat
				(-value)			(-value)			(-value)
Speeding	AS	3.54	1.48	5.41 (0.00)	0.71	0.29	2.46 (0.03)	2.83	0.42	5.54 (0.00)
Reckless changing speeds	SU	15.03	12.97	4.10 (0.00)	13.51	12.73	1.29 (0.22)	15.50	13.37	5.20 (0.00)
	SV	30.62	25.53	6.34 (0.00)	23.00	21.86	1.92 (0.07)	28.70	23.50	9.19 (0.00)
Rapid acceleration and deceleration	Acceleration	0.24	0.15	6.94 (0.00)	0.21	0.17	2.28 (0.04)	0.24	0.14	8.70 (0.00)
	Deceleration	0.17	0.11	6.07 (0.00)	0.14	0.12	2.46 (0.03)	0.17	0.10	7.01 (0.00)
	AN	2.97	2.27	6.20 (0.00)	2.80	2.49	3.19 (0.01)	2.95	2.04	8.54 (0.00)
Erratic steering control	Yaw rate	0.14	0.12	2.85 (0.01)	0.13	0.12	1.95 (0.07)	0.14	0.12	3.57 (0.00)
	Lane change	39.38	36.43	1.89 (0.07)	35.94	33.69	1.35 (0.20)	37.10	33.90	3.36 (0.00)
Tailgating	GD	0.14	0.07	3.84 (0.00)	0.02	0.02	0.08 (0.94)	0.09	0.04	4.32 (0.00)
	PSD	0.19	0.10	4.42 (0.00)	0.04	0.03	0.56 (0.58)	0.12	0.06	5.07 (0.00)
	TTC	0.21	0.17	2.51 (0.02)	0.07	0.06	1.04 (0.31)	0.14	0.10	4.39 (0.00)
	MTTC	0.24	0.15	4.39 (0.00)	0.17	0.14	1.77 (0.10)	0.18	0.10	4.67 (0.00)
Erratic lane-changing	Min_Lag_GD	27.75	49.99	−0.88 (0.39)	79.01	90.95	−0.29 (0.78)	5.42	84.24	−2.45 (0.02)
	Min_Front_TTC	76.71	91.01	−0.30 (0.77)	117.18	76.87	0.89 (0.39)	27.97	127.39	−2.78 (0.05)
	Min_Lead_TTC	17.09	41.00	−2.66 (0.02)	58.17	60.47	−0.15 (0.88)	16.38	48.78	−2.78 (0.01)