Research Article
Implementing Surrogate Safety Measures in Driving Simulator and Evaluating the Safety Effects of Simulator-Based Training on Risky Driving Behaviors
Table 4
Summary of statistics for surrogate safety measures in before and after intervention.
| Types of risky driving behaviors | SSMs | Novice | Elderly | Commercial | (n = 21) | (n = 16) | (n = 21) | | | t-stat | | | t-stat | | | t-stat | | | (-value) | | | (-value) | | | (-value) |
| Speeding | AS | 3.54 | 1.48 | 5.41 (0.00) | 0.71 | 0.29 | 2.46 (0.03) | 2.83 | 0.42 | 5.54 (0.00) | Reckless changing speeds | SU | 15.03 | 12.97 | 4.10 (0.00) | 13.51 | 12.73 | 1.29 (0.22) | 15.50 | 13.37 | 5.20 (0.00) | SV | 30.62 | 25.53 | 6.34 (0.00) | 23.00 | 21.86 | 1.92 (0.07) | 28.70 | 23.50 | 9.19 (0.00) | Rapid acceleration and deceleration | Acceleration | 0.24 | 0.15 | 6.94 (0.00) | 0.21 | 0.17 | 2.28 (0.04) | 0.24 | 0.14 | 8.70 (0.00) | Deceleration | 0.17 | 0.11 | 6.07 (0.00) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 2.46 (0.03) | 0.17 | 0.10 | 7.01 (0.00) | AN | 2.97 | 2.27 | 6.20 (0.00) | 2.80 | 2.49 | 3.19 (0.01) | 2.95 | 2.04 | 8.54 (0.00) | Erratic steering control | Yaw rate | 0.14 | 0.12 | 2.85 (0.01) | 0.13 | 0.12 | 1.95 (0.07) | 0.14 | 0.12 | 3.57 (0.00) | Lane change | 39.38 | 36.43 | 1.89 (0.07) | 35.94 | 33.69 | 1.35 (0.20) | 37.10 | 33.90 | 3.36 (0.00) | Tailgating | GD | 0.14 | 0.07 | 3.84 (0.00) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.08 (0.94) | 0.09 | 0.04 | 4.32 (0.00) | PSD | 0.19 | 0.10 | 4.42 (0.00) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.56 (0.58) | 0.12 | 0.06 | 5.07 (0.00) | TTC | 0.21 | 0.17 | 2.51 (0.02) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 1.04 (0.31) | 0.14 | 0.10 | 4.39 (0.00) | MTTC | 0.24 | 0.15 | 4.39 (0.00) | 0.17 | 0.14 | 1.77 (0.10) | 0.18 | 0.10 | 4.67 (0.00) | Erratic lane-changing | Min_Lag_GD | 27.75 | 49.99 | −0.88 (0.39) | 79.01 | 90.95 | −0.29 (0.78) | 5.42 | 84.24 | −2.45 (0.02) | Min_Front_TTC | 76.71 | 91.01 | −0.30 (0.77) | 117.18 | 76.87 | 0.89 (0.39) | 27.97 | 127.39 | −2.78 (0.05) | Min_Lead_TTC | 17.09 | 41.00 | −2.66 (0.02) | 58.17 | 60.47 | −0.15 (0.88) | 16.38 | 48.78 | −2.78 (0.01) |
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