Road Markings and Their Impact on Driver Behaviour and Road Safety: A Systematic Review of Current Findings

Table 1

Summary of the studies related to the impact of road markings on driver behaviour.

Authors and year	Type of the study	Conditions	Analysis type	Variables
Road markings and driver behaviour: impact of road markings width and configuration
Dudek et al. (1986) [11]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, distance, lane encroachment, erratic manoeuvres, subjective comments, and rating of the treatment
Dudek et al. (1987) [12]	Field	Night-time	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position
Harkey et al. (1993) [13]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Comparison of the treatments	Vehicle manoeuvres, lateral position, driving speed, lane line encroachments
Lundkvist et al. (1990) [14]	Field	—	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed and lateral position
Davidse et al. (2004) [15]	—	—	Meta-analysis
Chang et al. (2019) [16]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Lateral position
Road markings and driver behaviour: road markings as a measure for speed reduction and speed limit compliance
Maroney and Dewar (1988) [17]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Daniels et al. (2010) [18]	Field and driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Ding et al. (2013) [19]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, vehicle manoeuvres
Ding et al. (2014) [20]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Ding et al. (2016) [21]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Yotsutsuji et al. (2015) [22]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Perceived, actual speed
Charlton et al. (2018) [23]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Road markings and driver behaviour: road markings as a measure for speed reduction in curves
Shinar et al. (1980) [24]	Field	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, perceived angle of the curve
Agent and Creasy (1986) [25]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Before-after analysis	Driving speed, lane encroachment
Retting and Farmer (1988) [26]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Before-after analysis	Driving speed
Godley et al. (1999) [27]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position, lateral variation, steering effort
Comte and Jamson (2000) [28]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driver performance, workload, and acceptability of the treatment
Charlton (2004) [29]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Charlton (2007) [30]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position
Katz et al. (2006) [31]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Before-after analysis	Driving speed
McGee and Hanscom (2006) [32]	Field	—	Evaluation of different road marking measures	—
Gates et al. (2008) [33]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Before-after analysis	Driving speed
Rosey et al. (2008) [34]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Lateral position
Coutton-Jean, Mestre et al. (2009) [35]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position
Auberlet et al. (2012) [36]	Driving simulator and field	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Lateral position
Montella et al. (2015) [37]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, driving behaviour (deceleration)
Ariën et al. (2017) [38]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position, acceleration/deceleration
Calvi (2019) [39]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Hussain et al. (2019) [40]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position
Road markings and driver behaviour: road markings as a measure for speed reduction at intersections
Godley et al. (1999) [27]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position, lateral variation, steering effort
Thompson et al. (2006) [41]	Field	Daytime and night-time	Before-after analysis	Driving speed
Montella (2011) [42]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, deceleration, lateral position
Zamora et al. (2011) [43]	Field and driving simulator	—	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed
Road markings and driver behaviour: road markings as a measure for speed reduction at rural-urban transitions
Lantieri et al. (2015) [44]	Field	Daytime	Before-after analysis	Driving speed, crash data, eye movement
Ding et al. (2016) [21]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, manoeuvring
Hussain et al. (2018) [45]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, lateral position, acceleration/deceleration
Zhao et al. (2018) [46]	Driving simulator	Daytime	Comparison of the treatments	Driving speed, deceleration, control of the throttle