Journal of Advanced Transportation

Review Article

Using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in Aviation Safety: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Studies using FRAM in Aviation from 2006 to 2019.
AuthorYearAviation areaCase/system detailsInstantiation typeTimeframeFRAM toolsFRAM building methodsVariabilityResearch type
Sawaragi et al. [38]2006AccidentAmerican Airlines Flight 965 accident, 1995AccidentRNAAccident report reviewCPCsQualitative
Woltjer and Hollnagel [2]2007AccidentThe Alaska Airlines Flight 261 accident, 2000AccidentRNAAccident report reviewCPCsQualitative
Woltjer and Hollnagel [17]2008Air Traffic Management (ATM)ERASMUS projectNormal operationPNALiterature review, interview, observation, experimentCPCs and variability phenotypesQualitative
Woltjer [39]2008AccidentThe Alaska Airlines Flight 261 accident, 2000AccidentRNAAccident report reviewCPCsQualitative
Hollnagel et al. [6]2008AccidentComair Flight 5191 accident, 2006/departure routineAccidentRNAAccident report reviewTime, precisionQualitative
Macchi et al. [40]2009Landing approach-ATCMSAW systemNormal operationPNAWorkshop, literature review, interviewTime, precisionQualitative
Herrera and Woltjer [41]2010IncidentNorwegian Air Flight NAX541 incidentAccidentRNAAccident report review, interviewCPCsQualitative
de Carvalho [42]2011AccidentMidair collision between Flight GL1907 and Flight N600XL, 2006AccidentRNALiterature review, interviewNAQualitative
Nouvel et al. [43]2011Landing approachFlight to Paris-Orly, 1997IncidentRNA CPCsQualitative
Herrera et al. [25]2011Helicopter operationHelicopter operationNormal operation and incidentRNALiterature review, observation, interview, workshopNAQualitative
Martinie et al. [44]2013Cockpit operationWeather radar interactive systemNormal operationPNA NAQualitative
Frost and Mo [45]2014Airline operation control system (OCC)Airline operation control system (OCC)Normal operationPNASMEs workshopEarly, delayed, absent, wrong rate, underspecified, overspecified, time-pressureQualitative
Ragosta et al. [46]2015ATMAircraft route changeNormal operationPNA Time, precisionQualitative
Yang and Tian [47]2015Landing process-crewLanding process based on the flight, crew, training, and manualNormal operationPNADocument analysisTime, precisionQualitative
Duan et al. [9]2015AccidentScandinavian Airlines Flight 686 and a Cessna Citation CJ2 business jet collision, 2001AccidentRNAReport reviewOtherSemiquantitative
Amorim and Pereira [20]2015MaintenanceAircraft maintenanceAccidentRNA Time, precisionQualitative
Hirose et al. [34]2016AccidentAmerican Airlines Flight 965 accident, 1995AccidentRNA CPCsSemiquantitative
Patriarca et al. [13]2017ATM Normal operationPFMV Time, precisionSemiquantitative
Studic et al. [3]2017Ground handlingGround handling servicesNormal operationRFMVLiterature review, observation, interview, and expert judgmentInternal, external, couplings between functionsQualitative
Yang et al. [14]2017ATMMinimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) in ATMNormal operationPFMVGuidelines reviewTime, precision, 6 LEVELSSemiquantitative
Stogsdill and Ulfvengren [11]2017ATSAir Transport SystemNormal operationPNA  Qualitative
Rutkowska and Krzyzanowski [48]2018ATC-ACC APCTransferring control over the aircraft between the area control centre (ACC) and approach control (APC) unitsNormal operationPFMVDocument review Qualitative
Patriarca et al. [32]2018ATMUS Air Flight 1493, 1991 (collided with SkyWest Flight 5569)AccidentRFMVNTSB report review, testimonies, documents and coeval accounts review, SME’s analysisTime, precisionSemiquantitative
Ferreira and Cañas [49]2019ATCAUTOPACE project: propose training for ATCo under foreseeable automation scenarios.Normal operationPFMV/myFRAM Time, precisionQualitative
Adriaensen et al. [15]2019Cockpit operationDouglas Aircraft DC-9 cockpit operation during approach and landingNormal operationPFMV/myFRAMDocument analysis, workshop, interviewEndogenous variability, exogenous, couplingsSemiquantitative
Moškon et al. [21]2019Flight operationLarge aircraft flight operation and light sport aircraft take-offNormal operationPFMV NAQualitative
R = retrospective; P = prospective; NA = not applicable.