Intelligent Traffic Management System Based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

Table 1

Strengths and weaknesses of commercially available sensor technologies [11].

Technology	Strengths	Weaknesses
Inductive loop	Flexible, well understood, provides basic traffic parameters, immune against weather condition, accurate.	Complex, very expensive, requires pavement cut, expensive maintenance, cannot detect vehicle classes.
Magnetometer (two-axis fluxgate magnetometer)	Supports wireless communication, immune against weather conditions, better than the inductive loop for overloads of traffic	Same as the inductive loop. In addition, require multiple units for full lane detection.
Magnetic (induction or search coil magnetometer)	Suitable for bridge decks, no pavement cuts for installation, better than the inductive loops to stresses of traffic.	Cannot detect stopped vehicles.
Microwave radar	Immune against weather conditions, speed measurement, lane coverage.	Cannot detect stopped vehicles.
Active infrared (laser radar)	Measurement of location, speed, and vehicle class Multiple lane operation.	Not working well in bad weather conditions. Installation and maintenance very expensive.
Passive infrared	Speed measurement.	Not working in bad weather conditions.
Ultrasonic	Multiple lane operation, height detection.	Not working well in bad weather conditions. Installation and maintenance very expensive.
Video image processor	Multiple lanes, zones. Wide-area detection.	Installation and maintenance costs and efforts. Not working well in bad weather conditions. Very expensive.