Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

Table 3

Mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) for each dependent measure and the within-subject 95% confidence interval comparison.

	Conditions					Confidence interval (x = nonoverlapping)
	Baseline; (1); M; (SD)	MTM; (2); M; (SD)	AES; (3); M; (SD)	MTM-AES; (4); M; (SD)	Sports car; (5); M; (SD)	1-2	1-3	1-4	1-5	2-3	2-4	2-5	3-4	3-5	4-5
Acceleration section
Mean acceleration during the first second (m/s^2)	1.10 (0.45)	1.37 (0.35)	1.06 (0.37)	1.36 (0.33)	1.70 (0.71)	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
Straight section
Mean speed (km/h)	115.71 (22.02)	120.28 (22.27)	114.64 (23.27)	114.73 (23.08)	124.98 (29.86)									×	×
SD speed (km/h)	2.37 (3.48)	1.41 (1.16)	2.39 (2.46)	1.84 (1.37)	5.40 (0.29)				×			×		×	×
Mean abs acceleration (m/s^2)	0.14 (0.17)	0.09 (0.07)	0.16 (0.18)	0.11 (0.09)	0.29 (0.25)				×			×		×	×
Mean throttle driver (%)	66.58 (17.05)	52.07 (29.84)	66.22 (15.49)	45.17 (27.18)	50.10 (22.16)	×		×	×	×			×	×
Mean throttle engine (%)	60.63 (20.48)	65.49 (21.24)	60.28 (18.86)	60.51 (19.14)	50.10 (22.56)				×			×		×	×
Throttle driver released time (%)	0 (0)	0.22 (0.83)	0.22 (0.11)	0.44 (2.04)	1.67 (5.50)
Curvy section
Mean speed (km/h)	81.44 (15.54)	84.42 (15.20)	81.72 (16.89)	83.54 (15.35)	84.93 (15.95)
SD speed (km/h)	8.91 (2.75)	8.06 (2.28)	7.71 (2.19)	7.34 (2.19)	8.65 (3.03)		×	×							×
Mean abs acceleration (m/s^2)	0.54 (0.26)	0.50 (0.21)	0.45 (0.21)	0.44 (0.19)	0.57 (0.30)		×	×						×	×
Mean throttle driver (%)	50.88 (5.73)	28.22 (9.28)	51.56 (6.33)	26.85 (9.27)	32.77 (6.28)	×		×	×	×		×	×	×	×
Mean throttle engine (%)	43.01 (7.56)	44.62 (7.13)	43.29 (8.26)	44.01 (7.30)	32.76 (6.27)				×			×		×	×
Throttle driver released time (%)	4.84 (5.39)	8.68 (5.86)	3.09 (4.02)	6.95 (5.63)	7.53 (7.91)	×		×	×	×			×	×

Nonoverlapping confidence intervals are denoted by “×.”