Evaluating the Safety Impact of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles with Lane Management on Freeway Crash Hotspots Using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model

Table 4

Wiedemann 99 parameters.

Parameter (unit)	Short description
(m)	Standstill gap
(m)	Headway time
(m)	“Following” variation
(s)	Threshold for entering “following”
(m/s)	Negative “following” threshold
(m/s)	Positive “following” threshold
(10^−4 rad/s)	Speed dependency of oscillation
(m/s^2)	Oscillation acceleration
(m/s^2)	Standstill acceleration
(m/s^2)	Acceleration at 80 km/h
VDES	Desired speed of vehicles