I See Your Gesture: A VR-Based Study of Bidirectional Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles

Figure 4

Percentage of trials in the Hand and Combination conditions in which participants had their hand raised, as a function of elapsed time. (a) Only trials in which the AV could yield are considered (n = 123 for the Hand condition and n = 128 for the Combination condition). (b) Only trials in which the AV did not yield are considered (n = 129 for the Hand condition and n = 130 for the Combination condition). The dotted lines represent the percentage of trials in which the hand gesture was used up to that point. The grey area represents the region in which hand gestures could be picked up by the AV (distance to pedestrian between 30 and 50 m).

(a)

(b)