Research Article
A Hybrid LSTM-Based Ensemble Learning Approach for China Coastal Bulk Coal Freight Index Prediction
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of daily CBCFI and rate of change of CBCFI.
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Note. J-B represents the Jarque-Bera (J-B) test in which a goodness-of-fit test is performed for examining whether the time series follows a normal distribution [42]. ADF represents the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test with a null hypothesis of the existence of autocorrelation in the sample series [43]. represents the Ljung-Box statistics to the squared residuals (also known as Q-Statistics of Square Residuals) in which a nonlinearity test [44] under the null hypothesis of linearity and residuals of a properly specified linear model should be independent [45]. |