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| Notation | Definition |
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| Number of passengers who arrive at station and want to reach station before train leaves |
| Arrival rate of passengers who arrive at station and want to reach station |
| Number of passengers who choose to wait for the next express train at station and want to reach station |
| Number of passengers who want to reach station but left by express train at station |
| Set of stations, , where 1 is the first station and is the terminal station |
| The number of local trains in a train departure cycle (TDC) |
| Set of major stations; set of minor stations |
| Set of express trains; set of local trains |
| Index of overtaking station (overtaking station belongs to minor station) |
| Index of station. Passengers start the travel at station |
| Index of station. Passengers end the travel at station |
| Index of train |
| Set of stations including the overtaking station and the stations after overtaking station, |
| Set of stations before overtaking station, |
| The time horizon. O-D data are counted during this time horizon |
| Sum of all headways in a train departure cycle (TDC) |
| The time that train leaves station |
| The time that train arrives at station |
| Dwelling time of train at station |
| Running time of train between station and |
| Departure interval between train and train at station |
| Headway between train and train |
| Total waiting time of passengers who want to reach station till they board the train at station |
| The percent of passengers at station who choose to wait for the next express train to reach station |
| Binary variables. They can determine whether station or is a major station |
| Minimum arrival interval between express train and local train at overtaking station |
| Minimum departure interval between express train and local train at overtaking station |
| Upper and lower boundaries of departure interval between two adjacent trains |
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