Multiscenario-Based Train Headway Analysis under Virtual Coupling System

Table 1

Characteristics of CTCS levels.

CTCS level	Blocking mode	Data transmission	Track clear detection
CTCS-0	Fixed-block	Trackside devices	Track circuits
CTCS-1	Quasimoving-block	Trackside devices	Track circuits
CTCS-2	Quasimoving-block	Trackside devices	Track circuits
CTCS-3	Quasimoving-block	GSM-R	Track circuits
CTCS-4	Moving-block or virtual-block	GSM-R	RBC and onboard equipment