Research Article

An Empirical Assessment of Factors Influencing Injury Severities of Motor Vehicle Crashes on National Highways of Pakistan

Table 2

Estimated model results for crash severity outcomes.

VariableParameter estimatet-stat

Fatal injury
Constant (standard error of parameter distribution)−11.57 (4.050)−3.071 (2.572)
July indicator (1 if crash occurred in the month of July, 0 otherwise)0.606852.24
Weekday indicator (1 if crash occurred during weekday, tractor or truck, 0 otherwise)−0.53878−2.82
Truck indicator (1 if truck was involved in crash, 0 otherwise)0.524322.70
Night without road lights indicator (1 if crash occurred at night without road lights, 0 otherwise) (standard error of parameter distribution)0.93067 (1.524)4.92 (2.849)

Major injury
Constant−0.870−6.645
November indicator (1 if crash occurred in the month of November, 0 otherwise)0.415882.31
Cloudy weather indicator (1 if crash occurred in cloudy weather, 0 otherwise)1.020623.37
Curve indicator (1 if crash occurred at horizontal curve, 0 otherwise)0.338022.76
Tuesday indicator (1 if crash occurred on Tuesday, 0 otherwise)0.267901.80
Pothole indicator (1 if potholes were present in road, 0 otherwise) (standard error of parameter distribution)−0.47476 (1.524)−1.73 (2.849)

Minor injury
AM peak indicator (1 if crash occurred during AM peak hours, 0 otherwise)−0.43013−2.56
Driver dozing indicator (1 if crash cause was driver dozing, 0 otherwise)−0.70923−2.28
Driver age <25 years indicator (1 if driver age was less than 25 years, 0 otherwise)0.689383.91
Driver carelessness indicator (1 if crash was caused by driver carelessness, 0 otherwise) (standard error of parameter distribution)−0.26214 (1.107)−2.50 (1.829)

No injury
Constant−2.651−21.30
Overspeeding indicator (1 if crash occurred due to overspeeding, 0 otherwise)−0.80809−1.88
Wet road surface indicator (1 if road surface was wet during crash, 0 otherwise)0.927342.78
May indicator (1 if crash occurred in the month of May, 0 otherwise)−1.56146−2.16
Rickshaw indicator (1 if rickshaw was involved in crash, 0 otherwise)0.486512.40
Clear weather indicator (1 if crash occurred in clear weather, 0 otherwise)−0.55810−2.01
Single-vehicle indicator (1 if single vehicle is involved in crash, 0 otherwise)0.001422.35
Normal visibility indicator (1 if crash occurred during normal visibility conditions, 0 otherwise)−0.53013−1.69

Model statistical fitness
McFadden pseudo-R-squared0.27349959
Restricted log-likelihood−2804.47349
Log-likelihood at convergence−2037.46155
Akaike information criteria4124.9