Identifying Factors Contributing to the Motorcycle Crash Severity in Pakistan

Table 3

Estimation results for the random parameter model.

Variable	Coefficient	Odds ratio	Std. err
Constant	−3.826	—	1.4162	0
Environmental characteristics
Season (relative to autumn)
Summer	0.199	1.220	0.079	0.011
Day of week (relative to weekday)
Weekends	0.144	1.155	0.077	0.063
Time of day (relative to noon)
Morning	1.525	4.594	0.694	<0.01
Std. dev. morning	2.884	—	0.884	<0.01
Night	0.199	1.220	0.088	0.022
Motorcyclists’ characteristics
Age (relative to 25–40)
≤24	0.284	1.329	0.101	0.005
≥55	0.982	2.670	0.125	<0.01
Std. dev. ≥55	2.202	—	0.135	0.025
Pillion passenger (relative to no pillion passenger)
Pillion passenger	−2.157	0.115	0.474	<0.01
Std. dev. pillion passenger	2.730	—	0.302	<0.01
Female pillion passenger cloth stuck in wheel (relative to no)
Cloth stuck in wheel (yes)	0.518	1.679	0.301	0.085
Crash characteristics
Collision vehicle (relative to other)
Motorcycle	−1.161	0.313	0.220	<0.01
Std. dev. motorcycle	2.434	—	0.178	<0.01
Heavy vehicle	0.872	2.391	0.189	<0.01
Single vehicle	0.397	1.488	0.107	<0.01

Symbols , , and indicate significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. Random parameters are highlighted using italics.