Research Article
Prediction of Train Arrival Delay Using Hybrid ELM-PSO Approach
Table 3
Prediction errors on each model’s test set for the W-G HSR line.
| Model | RMSE | MAE | R-squared | Time (s) |
| ELM-PSO | 1.0387 | 0.3490 | 0.9955 | 856 | CB | 1.6808 | 1.0464 | 0.9883 | 9 | GBDT | 1.9976 | 1.2031 | 0.9835 | 18 | Lasso | 1.9852 | 0.9240 | 0.9847 | 9 | KNN | 1.6488 | 0.5025 | 0.9887 | 27 |
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