Prediction of Train Arrival Delay Using Hybrid ELM-PSO Approach

Table 4

Prediction errors on each model’s training set for the W-G HSR line.

Model	RMSE	MAE	R-squared
ELM-PSO	0.8247	0.3377	0.9973
CB	1.6368	1.0407	0.9896
GBDT	1.9495	1.2107	0.9852
Lasso	1.6046	0.9199	0.9893
KNN	1.4681	0.4558	0.9916