Behavioral Intentions of Urban Rail Transit Passengers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tianjin, China: A Model Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Customer Satisfaction Theory
Table 2
Outer weights and loading coefficients of the model.
Dimensions and items
Outer weights
Factor loadings
TPB scale: Attitudes
ATT1. Under COVID-19, travel by subway is convenient
0.204
0.745
ATT2. Under COVID-19, travel by subway is comfortable
0.205
0.750
ATT3. Under COVID-19, travel by subway is safe
0.236
0.876
ATT4. Under COVID-19, travel by subway causes me to be at a higher risk of being infected
0.194
0.809
ATT5. Under COVID-19, travel by subway increases my risk of inadvertently spreading the virus
0.194
0.815
ATT6. Under COVID-19, travel by subway subjects me to a higher risk of coming into contact with people infected with the virus
0.211
0.819
Subjective norms
SUB1. Under COVID-19, my family supports me in choosing the subway travel mode
0.365
0.896
SUB2. Under COVID-19, my colleagues and friends support me in choosing the subway travel mode
0.369
0.920
SUB3. Under COVID-19, the government/health department supports me in choosing the subway travel mode
0.382
0.871
Perceived behavioral control
PBC1. Under COVID-19, the subway can completely meet my daily travel needs
0.373
0.761
PBC2. Under COVID-19, I need to use subway travel
0.345
0.726
PBC3. There are restrictions on public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.225
0.632
PBC4. Knowing that there is an increasing risk of being infected during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.265
0.638
PBC5. Having restrictions on subway schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.220
0.616
Customer satisfaction theory scale
Perceived service quality
PSQ1. The overall service quality during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.283
0.791
PSQ2. Subway cleanliness during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.209
0.752
PSQ3. The frequency of the subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.217
0.650
PSQ4. The safety of subway travel during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.345
0.771
PSQ5. The information provided for subway travel during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.273
0.774
Customer satisfaction
CUS1. I feel happy with my travel experience by subway under COVID-19
0.371
0.857
CUS2. I believe that I made the right decision to choose subway travel under COVID-19
0.427
0.857
CUS3. I am satisfied with traveling by subway under COVID-19
0.368
0.858
Transport management policy
POL1. The policies in categories A, B, C, and D are necessary to encourage people to choose the subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.493
0.890
POL2. The policies in categories A, B, C, and D are valid for encouraging people to choose the subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.604
0.928
Travel intentions
INT1. I strongly intend to choose the subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.415
0.922
INT2. I will encourage family members and friends to choose the subway during the COVID-19 pandemic
0.404
0.905
INT3. I prefer to travel by subway over other types of public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic now more than before
0.316
0.799
Measures taken against COVID-19: Cat. A: customers must scan the health code, undertake body temperature tests, and wear a face mask to enter the subway station; Cat. B: all stations carry out daily disinfection and provide a visualization of the passenger volume in each station; Cat. C: the running interval is extended to 10 minutes; and Cat. D: a few entrances are temporarily closed.
