Exploring the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Correlation Factors of Wayfinding Performance on City-Scale Road Networks Based on Massive Trajectory Data

Table 4

Definition and expression of potential correlation factors.

Factor	Factor expression	Description
Feature point	Road anchor points (overpass, highway entrance and exit, bridges) and landmark buildings.	Feature points are defined as important focal points and cognitively salient cues with prominent features.
Road grade	Freeway, expressway, trunk road, secondary trunk road, branch way.	It identifies the grade, functions, and traffic volume of the road.
Betweenness centrality		It indicates the force and influence of nodes in the whole traffic network. The greater the betweenness centrality of nodes is, the more the nodes can control the relationship between other nodes.
	where n is the total number of nodes, , is the betweenness of node i, and is the probability that node i is located on the shortcut of node j and node k. is the number of shortcuts through node i between nodes j and k, and is the number of shortcuts between nodes j and k.
Closeness centrality		It indicates the difficulty for a node to reach other nodes, and the greater the closeness centrality, the better the accessibility of the node.
	where n is the total number of nodes, is the closeness of node i, and is the length between node i and j.
Straightness centrality		It indicates the accessibility efficiency between one node and other nodes. The greater the value of this index, the closer the actual route to a spatial straight line.
	where N is the total number of nodes, is the straightness of node i, is the shortest path distance between nodes i and j, and is the Euclidean distance between i and j.
Road density		The ratio of the total length of the roads to the total area (km/km^2).
	where is the density of roads in region i, is the total length of roads in region i, and is the area of region i.
Road complexity		The ratio of the number of road intersections to the total area (/km^2).
	where is the complexity of roads in region i, is the number of intersections in region i, and is the area of region i.
OD complexity	The number of road intersections passed by the shortest route between the origin and destination.	It indicates the number of turning choices between the origin and destination.
OD distance	The length of the shortest route between the origin and destination.	It indicates the total driving distance.