Investigating the Impacts of Road Traffic Conditions and Driver’s Characteristics on Automated Vehicle Takeover Time and Quality Using a Driving Simulator

Table 1

Composition of experiment participants.

Factors	Description	No.
Gender	Male	35
	Female	14
Age	20 s	5
	30 s	12
	40 s	9
	50 s	12
	60 s or older	11
Driving experience	Less than 10 years	12
	10∼19 years	15
	20∼29 years	18
	30 years or longer	4
Driving frequency	Almost every day	33
	A few times per week	11
	A few times per month	3
	A few times per year	2
Annual driving distance	Less than 1,000 km	7
	1,000∼4,999 km	7
	5,000∼9,999 km	10
	10,000∼19,999 km	17
	20,000∼29,999 km	5
	30,000 km or longer	3
Academic background	Middle school graduate or lower	0
	High school dropout	0
	High school graduate	7
	2-year college dropout	1
	2-year college graduate	8
	4-year college dropout	2
	4-year college graduate or higher	31
Occupation	Student	4
	Job-seeking	5
	Retiree	5
	Full-timer	28
	Part-timer	7
Annual income	Lower than 10 K USD	15
	10 K∼20 K USD	3
	20 K∼30 K USD	5
	30 K∼40 K USD	4
	40 K∼50 K USD	10
	50 K∼60 K USD	6
	60 K USD or more	6