Investigating the Impacts of Road Traffic Conditions and Driver’s Characteristics on Automated Vehicle Takeover Time and Quality Using a Driving Simulator

Table 14

Estimated takeover time from LMM by gender and age.

Variables		Estimate	Standard error	t-value	value
Intercept		5.268	0.191	27.590	≤0.001
Gender	Male	−3.383	0.222	−15.229	≤0.001
	Female	0.0	0.0	—	—
Age	20 s	−3.490	0.369	−9.452	≤0.001
	30 s	−3.096	0.369	−8.384	≤0.001
	40 s	−3.044	0.369	−8.243	≤0.001
	50 s	−2.780	0.223	−12.2455	≤0.001
	60 s or older	0.0	0.0	—	—
Genderage	Male 20 s	3.678	0.417	8.813	≤0.001
	Male 30 s	3.002	0.398	7.545	≤0.001
	Male 40 s	3.329	0.403	8.262	≤0.001
	Male 50 s	3.194	0.296	10.785	≤0.001
	Male 60 s or older	0.0	0.0	—	—
	Female 20 s	0.0	0.0	—	—
	Female 30 s	0.0	0.0	—	—
	Female 40 s	0.0	0.0	—	—
	Female 50 s	0.0	0.0	—	—
	Female 60 s or older	0.0	0.0	—	—

Note. Estimates of females and 60 s or older are standard values of traffic congestion and curvature, so all corresponding values are marked as 0.0.