What Factors Contribute to Higher Travel Happiness? Evidence from Beijing, China

Table 1

Measurement methods of travel happiness.

Measurement methods	Descriptions	Application examples	Measurement type
			Cognitive	Affective
Affective Balance Bcale [21]	Includes 5-item positive and 5-item negative components	Morris and Hirsch [22]		√
Swedish Core Affect Scale [23]	Includes four aspects valence, activation, pleasant activation-unpleasant deactivation, and unpleasant activation-pleasant deactivation. Each aspect includes three items	Bergstad et al. [20]		√
Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale [24]	Covers 10 descriptors for positive and 10 for negative emotions	Huang et al. [25]		√
Net Affect Score	Is a comprehensive index and calculated by the average positive affect minus the average negative affect	Fan et al. [26]		√
Satisfaction with Travel	Describes how do people agree or disagree with some questions in specific aspects	Abenoza et al. [27]	√
Satisfaction with Travel Scale	Includes 4-item cognitive evaluations and 1-item affective evaluation	Bergstad et al. [20]	√	√
Satisfaction with Travel Scale	Includes 3-item cognitive and 6-item affective evaluations	Ettema et al. [19]	√	√

To differentiate the Satisfaction with Travel Scale by Bergstad et al. [20].