What Factors Contribute to Higher Travel Happiness? Evidence from Beijing, China
Table 5
Multiple regression results (N = 1019).
Variables
Walking
Nonmotor vehicle
Public transport
Car
CE_
AE_
CE_
AE_
CE_
AE_
CE_
AE_
Constant
4.58
7.15
2.36
1.59
1.41
0.98
2.10
1.34
Age
0.55
0.46
1.01
0.43
0.24
0.28
0.12
0.63
Gender (ref. = male)
0.11
0.12
0.25
0.34
−0.17
−0.22
1.35
1.52
Location (ref. = suburban)
−0.34
−0.58
−0.27
0.41
0.11
0.10
−0.09
−0.26
Residential environment
0.20
0.11
0.22
0.19
0.10
0.14
0.16
0.16
Optimism
0.04
−0.09
0.19
0.18
0.05
0.03
0.16
−0.02
Daily happiness
0.03
0.11
0.21
0.03
0.07
0.14
0.09
0.17
Consonance (ref. = dissonance)
0.51
0.39
0.41
0.64
0.26
0.35
−0.17
0.04
Frequency
0.06
−0.23
0.05
0.12
0.01
−0.04
−0.14
−0.09
Purpose (ref. = entertainment trip)
Work/business
−0.59
−1.20
−0.07
0.80
−0.15
−0.06
−0.29
−0.38
School
−0.94
−1.37
−0.41
1.77
0.08
0.23
−0.04
−0.23
Trip day (ref. = weekday)
−0.16
−0.56
0.16
0.36
0.09
0.24
0.08
−0.08
Travel time (ref. = off-peak)
Morning peak
−0.29
0.46
0.38
−0.48
−0.13
−0.18
0.20
0.08
Evening peak
−0.06
0.38
−0.84
−1.64
−0.15
−0.06
0.28
0.20
Trip duration
−0.24
−0.21
−0.16
−0.15
−0.05
−0.12
−0.02
−0.08
Perceived trip duration (ref. = shorter)
−0.11
−0.38
−1.01
−0.44
−0.56
−0.64
−0.58
−0.83
Travel companion (ref. = alone)
Family
0.47
0.90
0.22
0.63
−0.08
−0.06
0.22
0.35
Friends
0.02
0.26
−2.07
−0.70
0.06
0.27
0.24
0.36
Work partners
0.31
−0.97
—
—
−0.002
−0.44
0.31
0.26
Family and friends
−1.11
−0.81
−0.37
0.70
−0.11
−0.05
0.28
0.46
Other combinations
1.42
1.99
—
—
0.15
0.11
0.19
−0.10
Activities (ref. = work/study)
Talk
0.37
0.07
0.91
0.79
0.06
−0.16
0.47
−0.18
Rest
—
—
—
—
−0.16
0.09
0.19
−0.02
Listen to music/radio or read to relax
0.84
0.68
1.35
−0.02
−0.12
−0.07
0.73
0.11
Play games or surf the Internet
−1.50
−1.77
—
—
−0.18
−0.06
0.71
0.31
Look around
0.86
−1.28
−1.21
0.81
0.03
−0.05
0.21
−0.17
Combo 2
0.56
−1.35
1.39
1.11
−0.19
−0.18
0.63
0.06
Combo 3
0.61
−1.13
1.29
0.97
−0.03
0.01
0.96
0.38
Adjusted R2
0.403
0.241
0.574
0.330
0.306
0.325
0.365
0.415
CE_ and AE_ represent the average score of two cognitive evaluation items and four affective evaluation items, respectively. Symbol “—” denotes that certain variable is not in the corresponding sample. For example, for the walk mode, there is no “rest” activity during the trip. ;.
