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| Variable | Definition |
|
| HSR | Indicator for being connected to the HSR network |
| GI | Green innovation |
| GUMA | Number of green utility model patent applications |
| GIA | Number of green invention patent applications |
| GUMG | Number of green utility model patents granted |
| GIG | Number of green invention patents granted |
| Construction of labor and research capital mobility |
| Mijt | The mobility of labor from city j to city i in year t |
| wage | City’s average wage level |
| hpr | City’s annual average house price |
| L | City’s labor market size |
| LI | City’s total amount of labor inflow |
| LO | City’s total amount of research capital outflow |
| NetL | City’s net research capital inflow |
| Dij | City’s distance between city i and city j |
| Cijt | Mobility of research capital from city j to city i in year t |
| profit | City’s total profits of industrial enterprises |
| finexp | City’s percentage of public finance expenditure to GDP |
| SC | City’s government expenditure on science and technology |
| CI | City’s total amount of research capital inflow |
| CO | City’s total amount of research capital outflow |
| NetC | City’s net research capital inflow |
| Control variables |
| lngdp | Logarithm of real GDP |
| lnpop | Logarithm of population |
| thirdpc | Output share of the tertiary industry in the whole economy |
| lnfore | Logarithm of foreign capital utilized |
| roadpc | Area of paved roads per capital |
| buspc | Number of bus and trolley bus per ten thousand people |
| lngre | Logarithm of the area of green land |
| lneduc | Logarithm of government expenditure on education |
| policy1 | Dummy variable of the introduction of the target responsibility system of environmental protection policy in 2006 |
| policy2 | Dummy variable of the introduction of the outline of the national intellectual property strategy in 2008 |
| policy3 | Dummy variable of the introduction of new environmental law in 2015 |
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