Optimizing Intermodal Transport and Hub Location Problem for ECOWAS in the Context of Improving Intra-African Trade

Table 4

Transportation cost per mode.

Source	Road ()	Rail ()	Waterway ()
PLANCO consulting [62], Teravaninthorn and Raballand [7]	60–70	18.5–6.5	1.462
Transport Canada [63]	26.058–5.918	0.31–0.155	0.28–0.088
Troch et al. [64]	0.030–0.080	0.020–0.030	0.0010–0.050
Average ()	27.014	4.2525	0.3762