A Comparative Study of Passenger Multitasking Activities on Commuting and Leisure Electrified Intercity Railways

Table 1

A grid for structured observation of passengers on intercity lines.

Item		Explanatory variable
Line attribute		(Leisure line/commuting line)
Gender	Male	Male passengers identified directly through observation
	Female	Female passengers identified directly through observation
Age	Children	Child passengers aged 13 or younger perceived through observation
	Youth	Young passengers aged 14–39 perceived through observation
	The middle-aged and elderly	Middle-aged and elderly passengers aged 40 and above perceived through observation
Availability of seats	Yes	Passengers seated in the seat area of the train
	No	Nonseated passengers standing in the train
Multitasking activity	Effective activity	Synchronous multitasking: doing two or more activities at the same time
		Being in a daze/looking around
		Using the cell phone
		Wearing headphones
		Talking with other passengers
		Resting: resting and sleeping
		Talking on the phone
		Using computer: using computer or tablet
		Reading: reading paper books
		Writing: writing using pen and paper
		Eating: eating or drinking
		Companion care: caring for a child, elderly people, or a companion
	Invalid activity	Incomplete records or unrecognizable activities