Review Article

A Comprehensive Review on the Integration of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Development

Table 1

Summary of key PEV supportive policies.

Policy demand focusedDescriptionCurrent PEV policy in Canada“Strong” version

Financial incentivesReduce the cost of PEVs and infrastructure (via grants, discounts, user fee exemptions, or tax breaks)Financial incentives ranging from $500 to $14,000 per PEV in BC, QC, and across the country through 2020Incentives of $6,000 per PEV for 20 years across all provinces

High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane accessHOV lane access without restrictions for PEVsPEVs in BC, ON, and QC have unrestricted access to the HOV lanesAccess to HOV lanes in all provinces that have them

Public chargingAllow charging while away from homeCurrent charger to gas station ratio unchanged over timeBy 2025, the ratio of chargers to petrol stations will be 0.5 throughout all provinces

Building codesRequire charging access in new buildingsIn BC, ON, and QC, charges are mandated by building codesAll provinces have adopted EV-ready building regulations

Carbon pricingIncrease in the cost of fuels that produce carbon emissions through cap and trade or a carbon taxExisting carbon prices are in place in BC, AB, and QC; beginning in 2018, a federal price floor will be applied to all provincesBy 2030, the price of carbon reaches and remains at $150

Supply-focused zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandateImpose a minimum proportion of light-duty ZEV sales on manufacturersBeginning in 2020, the QC ZEV obligation will increase to 22.5% credits by 2025By 2040, a national ZEV requirement will have increased market share by 40%

Vehicle emission standardGive light-duty cars a maximum amount of tailpipe emissionsBy 2025, the fleet must meet an average CO2e/km standardBy 2040, the fleet must emit 71 g CO2e on average

Low-carbon fuel standardDemand that fuel suppliers limit the amount of carbon in the fuels they sell and provide credits for the use of alternative fuels (such as electricity and hydrogen)By 2030, national standards call for a 12.5% decrease in the carbon intensity of transportation energy compared to 2010According to national standards, the carbon intensity of transportation energy must decrease by 45% by 2040 compared to 2010 levels and by 25% by 2030