The Value of Preemptive Pick-Up Services in Dynamic Vehicle Routing for Last-Mile Delivery: Space-Time Network-Based Formulation and Solution Algorithms

Table 14

Comparison of the solution results under two service modes.

	Non-preemptive service	Preemptive service
The value of objective function (unit: $)	−1576	−1861 (−18.1%)
How to handle the pick-up request	Renege on the pick-up request at physical nodes 34,35;	Serve the pick-up request at physical nodes 3,5,34,35,45
	Serve the pick-up request at physical nodes 3,5,45