Automatic Guided Vehicles Introduction Impacts to Roll-On/Roll-Off Terminals: Simulation and Cost Model Analysis

Table 4

Intermediate parameters calculated using equations (1)–(4), (14) and (15).

Parameter description	Symbol	Unit	Value
Total energy cost of van per loading process		€	95
Total energy cost of AGVs per loading process		€	236
Total wages for stevedores per loading process		€	494
Total wages for AGV operators per loading process		€	494
Total CO2 emissions produced from the current loading system per loading process		g	664,340
Total CO2 emissions from the AGV loading system per loading process		g	236,000