Research Article
Examine the Prediction Error of Ride-Hailing Travel Demands with Various Ignored Sparse Demand Effects
Table 2
Comparison of different models in minimum demand threshold type 1.
| Model | Threshold 1 | Threshold 2 | Threshold 4 | Threshold 8 | SMAPE (×10−2) | RMSE | SMAPE (×10−2) | RMSE | SMAPE (×10−2) | RMSE | SMAPE (×10−2) | RMSE |
| ARIMA | 22.67 | 4.12 | 19.92 | 5.32 | 16.23 | 7.26 | 13.15 | 8.79 | H-ANN | 21.85 | 4.01 | 18.76 | 5.13 | 15.76 | 7.22 | 12.94 | 8.55 | H-CNN | 21.4 | 3.52 | 18.94 | 4.69 | 14.28 | 6.24 | 12.2 | 7.92 | H-LSTM | 19.45 | 3.67 | 15.07 | 4.54 | 13.89 | 6.41 | 10.7 | 7.27 | H-CNN-LSTM | 17.38 | 3.4 | 14.52 | 4.14 | 12.57 | 5.78 | 10.06 | 6.9 | H-CNN-GRU | 17.29 | 3.34 | 14.49 | 4.24 | 12.41 | 5.58 | 10.13 | 6.88 | H-ConvLSTM | 16.34 | 3.03 | 13.75 | 3.97 | 11.35 | 5.34 | 9.612 | 6.66 |
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