Examine the Prediction Error of Ride-Hailing Travel Demands with Various Ignored Sparse Demand Effects

Table 3

Comparison of different models in minimum demand threshold type 2.

Model	Threshold 25		Threshold 50		Threshold 100		Threshold 200
	SMAPE (×10^−2)	RMSE	SMAPE (×10^−2)	RMSE	SMAPE (×10^−2)	RMSE	SMAPE (×10^−2)	RMSE
ARIMA	46.64	4.11	37.83	5.24	31.91	6.17	25.73	7.34
H-ANN	45.89	3.82	37.91	4.26	29.47	5.13	24.45	6.71
H-CNN	44.94	3.73	36.64	4.11	30.15	4.79	23.82	6.2
H-LSTM	41.61	3.55	37.29	4.07	27.08	4.95	22.75	5.94
H-CNN-LSTM	41.02	3.53	32.65	3.96	25.94	4.64	20.45	5.36
H-CNN-GRU	40.24	3.18	32.46	3.74	26.13	4.66	21.46	5.69
H-ConvLSTM	37.52	3.18	32.09	3.71	23.23	4.02	19.54	5.26