Safety Effects of Connected and Automated Vehicle-Based Variable Speed Limit Control near Freeway Bottlenecks considering Driver’s Heterogeneity

Table 3

Safety improvement rates (long versus medium).

		NCuplimit (%)						OCuplimit (%)
		0	10	20	30	40	50	0	10	20	30	40	50
TET
MPR of CAV	10%	5.14	7.76	9.23	7.76	6.95	7.77	5.14	8.76	9.29	7.48	7.10	3.51
	20%	4.60	6.84	8.23	7.51	8.58	7.70	4.60	8.56	11.42	9.70	8.40	7.00
	30%	4.08	4.87	5.01	4.48	5.22	4.59	4.08	6.79	9.56	9.16	7.37	6.14
	40%	2.85	2.59	2.92	3.11	2.90	2.77	2.85	5.12	7.35	7.36	5.85	4.10
	50%	1.92	1.73	1.65	1.42	1.78	1.18	1.92	3.85	5.89	6.28	5.21	3.20
	60%	0.76	0.65	0.98	1.02	0.76	0.83	0.76	2.99	4.25	5.68	5.00	2.49
	70%	0.09	0.07	0.08	0.24	0.28	0.74	0.09	2.03	3.19	4.20	3.64	2.32
	80%	1.91	−0.92	−2.26	1.79	2.33	1.48	1.91	3.15	5.88	3.77	2.38	0.91
	90%	−32.88	5.84	−4.61	1.88	−9.20	−15.95	−32.88	10.74	12.95	4.21	12.84	13.55
TIT
MPR of CAV	10%	4.50	5.63	6.73	5.89	5.16	5.83	4.50	6.18	6.28	4.38	3.99	1.00
	20%	3.97	4.74	5.68	5.32	6.00	5.47	3.97	6.10	7.65	6.03	4.73	3.1
	30%	3.11	3.26	3.41	3.03	3.53	3.16	3.11	4.94	6.81	6.13	4.72	3.0
	40%	1.92	1.65	1.90	1.99	1.87	1.72	1.92	3.66	5.30	5.26	4.09	2.1
	50%	1.22	1.05	0.98	0.74	1.10	0.59	1.22	2.73	4.15	4.53	3.69	2.3
	60%	0.32	0.28	0.57	0.63	0.43	0.47	0.32	2.04	2.77	3.88	3.40	1.49
	70%	0.17	0.15	0.31	0.47	0.00	0.48	0.17	1.28	1.92	2.55	2.14	1.50
	80%	1.80	−1.08	−2.37	1.78	2.31	1.35	1.80	2.70	5.08	2.59	1.17	0.23
	90%	−33.34	5.86	−4.85	1.68	−9.26	−16.17	−33.34	10.61	12.75	3.81	12.35	13.25