Profiling the Enthusiastic, Neutral, and Sceptical Users of Conditionally Automated Cars in 17 Countries: A Questionnaire Study
Table 2
Spearman rank-order correlation matrix (note that the correlations were multiplied by 100).
Question
Intention to use conditionally automated cars
DE
ES
FI
FR
HU
IT
SE
UK
BR
CN
ID
IN
JP
RU
TR
US
ZA
Q2. Age (in years)
−24
−13
−7
−27
−5, n.s.
−14
−33
−27
−10
12
−3, n.s.
0, n.s.
−2, n.s.
−11
3, n.s.
−27
−17
Q3. Gender (1 = male)
8
8
9
8
7
9
15
8
−0, n.s.
−8
0, n.s.
−6
14
4, n.s.
−16
14
12
Q6. Staying in the lane (1 = yes)
5, n.s.
6, n.s.
22
13
3, n.s.
11
9
1, n.s.
7
12
9
5, n.s.
18
8
14
1, n.s.
2, n.s.
M
1.21
1.19
1.24
1.40
1.18
1.21
1.26
1.24
1.49
1.21
1.12
1.13
1.30
1.05
1.13
1.19
1.14
SD
0.55
0.54
0.61
0.73
0.52
0.56
0.62
0.58
0.64
0.48
0.42
0.43
0.65
0.31
0.47
0.53
0.46
Q7. Overtaking on its own (1 = yes)
7
9
15
8
7
10
10
8
6
10
18
16
10
6
14
8
9
M
1.78
1.52
1.57
1.72
1.73
1.64
1.73
1.62
1.51
1.46
1.52
1.31
1.94
1.57
1.39
1.65
1.47
SD
0.73
0.73
0.80
0.79
0.73
0.75
0.79
0.77
0.66
0.60
0.68
0.58
0.74
0.78
0.68
0.78
0.67
Q8. Operating in all conditions (2 = no)
−10
−10
2, n.s.
−1, n.s.
−4, n.s.
−0, n.s.
−10
−5
−8
−11
−15
−15
3, n.s.
−10
−12
−6
−5, n.s.
M
1.85
1.74
2.05
1.66
1.88
1.70
1.91
1.55
1.68
1.58
1.49
1.31
1.97
1.74
1.57
1.72
1.56
SD
0.62
0.69
0.37
0.76
0.63
0.77
0.69
0.71
0.65
0.59
0.62
0.55
0.60
0.72
0.76
0.73
0.62
Q9. Asking driver to take over control anytime (1 = yes)
2, n.s.
3, n.s.
22
4, n.s.
5, n.s.
12∗∗∗
−2, n.s.
5, n.s.
3, n.s.
5, n.s.
13
11
16
−0, n.s.
7
6
5, n.s.
M
1.29
1.30
1.37
1.42
1.40
1.43
1.44
1.47
1.29
1.23
1.21
1.27
1.56
1.39
1.39
1.44
1.33
SD
0.64
0.67
0.75
0.76
0.72
0.76
0.76
0.79
0.59
0.49
0.52
0.59
0.84
0.72
0.69
0.77
0.66
Q10. Pursuing other activities except sleeping (1 = yes)
1, n.s.
4, n.s.
13
8
−1, n.s.
0, n.s.
−1, n.s.
5, n.s.
4, n.s.
0, n.s.
2, n.s.
12
3, n.s.
2, n.s.
10
2, n.s.
8
M
1.29
1.50
1.46
1.45
1.40
1.46
1.39
1.46
1.34
1.36
1.27
1.27
1.44
1.39
1.36
1.40
1.30
SD
0.57
0.70
0.72
0.71
0.65
0.72
0.68
0.72
0.61
0.55
0.58
0.57
0.68
0.67
0.69
0.71
0.63
Q11. Having heard of automated cars before survey (1 = yes)
−4, n.s.
5, n.s.
9
6
6
9
−3, n.s.
1, n.s.
1, n.s.
14
8
5, n.s.
15
−4, n.s.
13
−1, n.s.
3, n.s.
M
1.13
1.27
1.15
1.22
1.21
1.28
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.19
1.30
1.19
1.28
1.21
1.42
1.28
1.28
SD
0.34
0.44
0.36
0.42
0.41
0.45
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.40
0.46
0.39
0.45
0.41
0.49
0.45
0.45
Q12. 1. Receiving information about automated cars from online communities and websites about IT, cars, or motoring (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
31
40
27
40
23
27
44
42
36
22
37
26
40
26
26
33
33
M
2.28
2.48
2.29
2.21
3.13
2.53
2.22
2.32
3.21
3.59
3.43
4.04
2.14
2.45
3.63
2.19
2.88
SD
1.25
1.26
0.95
1.22
1.16
1.28
1.21
1.25
127
1.06
1.23
1.05
1.20
1.12
1.14
1.22
1.24
Q12.2. Receiving information about automated cars from social media (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
35
34
22
46
19
25
42
43
36
24
37
23
34
27
22
34
33
M
2.44
2.27
1.84
2.39
3.01
2.55
2.30
2.42
3.42
3.62
3.73
4.19
2.20
2.35
3.99
2.31
3.14
SD
1.42
1.20
0.91
1.39
1.16
1.34
1.25
1.34
1.32
1.12
1.21
1.03
1.31
1.16
1.11
1.23
1.32
Q12.3. Receiving information about automated cars from radio and TV (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
18
38
13
28
16
23
28
32
23
26
31
25
26
14
20
22
22
M
2.90
2.69
2.28
2.69
2.83
2.64
2.30
2.44
2.91
3.65
3.10
3.68
2.77
2.34
3.39
2.35
2.65
SD
1.34
1.23
0.79
1.18
1.12
1.22
1.05
1.19
1.29
1.16
1.29
1.32
1.19
0.99
1.30
1.15
1.24
Q12.4. Receiving information about automated cars from friends, family members, and colleagues (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
32
38
23
38
25
29
41
40
29
34
35
25
37
26
19
32
23
M
2.56
2.54
1.96
2.24
2.51
2.41
2.17
2.30
2.93
3.55
3.11
3.90
2.13
2.13
3.43
2.11
2.55
SD
1.22
1.23
0.83
1.16
1.08
1.21
1.14
1.21
1.30
1.18
1.28
1.17
1.17
1.01
1.23
1.14
1.24
Q12.5. Receiving information about automated cars from car dealers, manufacturers, and suppliers (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
29
44
23
38
21
24
37
41
29
31
38
26
36
34
18
33
30
M
1.81
2.13
1.57
1.91
2.25
2.07
1.89
2.04
2.69
3.08
2.79
3.53
1.90
1.74
3.01
1.78
2.32
SD
0.95
1.12
0.69
1.12
1.10
1.17
1.11
1.20
1.23
1.08
1.22
1.31
1.02
0.94
1.26
1.04
1.24
Q12.6. Receiving information about automated cars from newspapers and magazines (not online) (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
21
38
19
33
22
29
29
29
23
32
32
24
32
24
24
19
22
M
2.62
2.44
2.24
2.30
2.49
2.52
2.29
2.39
2.85
3.30
3.05
3.98
2.26
1.97
3.30
2.08
2.48
SD
1.33
1.23
0.84
1.17
1.12
1.21
1.11
1.20
1.27
1.16
1.27
1.11
1.19
1
1.24
1.12
1.18
Q21.1. Change in productive use of travel time due to conditionally automated cars (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
18
14
40
5, n.s.
−4, n.s.
10
11
16
21
16
21
20
24
2, n.s.
8
24
8
M
3.59
3.53
3.47
3.31
3.27
3.43
3.33
3.35
3.57
3.63
3.60
3.73
3.41
3.57
3.59
3.50
3.62
SD
0.97
1.02
0.84
0.91
1.03
0.99
0.97
0.92
1.20
1.17
1.05
1.30
0.77
1.17
1.43
0.99
1.27
Q21.2. Change in travel comfort due to conditionally automated cars (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
33
22
53
18
11
23
18
20
29
15
25
23
29
15
16
24
26
M
3.59
3.66
3.52
3.46
3.76
3.63
3.33
3.36
3.80
3.81
3.88
3.95
3.49
3.86
3.89
3.45
3.88
SD
1.02
1.06
0.96
0.98
1.07
1.02
0.97
0.93
1.17
1.18
1.04
1.22
0.82
1.12
1.39
1.06
1.20
Q21.3. Change in number of accidents due to conditionally automated cars (1 = never, 2 = less than monthly, 3 = monthly, 4 = weekly, and 5 = daily)
−33
−26
−47
−32
−32
−23
−33
−23
−29
−5, n.s.
−10
−4, n.s
−27
−30
−34
−29
−20
M
2.70
2.61
2.78
2.75
2.50
2.59
2.87
3.03
2.34
2.62
2.56
2.99
2.66
2.51
2.08
2.93
2.48
SD
1.04
1.02
1
0.98
1.07
1.03
1.01
0.97
1.15
1.16
1.18
1.44
0.89
1.07
1.25
1.04
1.25
Note. ;;; n.s. = not significant. The scales of the questions Q12.1‒Q12.6 and Q21.1‒Q21.3 were reverse-coded. The questions Q6‒Q11 were dummy coded.
