Active Equalization Strategy for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Based on Multilayer Dual Interleaved Inductor Circuits in Electric Vehicles

Table 1

Summary statistics of the SOC estimation result of the three Kalman filter methods.

SOC estimation method	EKF	CKF	AUKF
Mean error	0.01179	0.02378	−0.002665
Standard variance of the error	0.006076	0.01183	0.006611