Comparison of Presumed PDF Models of Turbulent Flames

<table>Dependencies of (a) the normalized mean heat release rate, (b) parameters <svg height="10.925" id="M330" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑐</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">1</tspan>
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</g>
</g>
</svg> (thin curves) and <svg height="10.925" id="M331" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑐</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> (bold curves), and (c) parameter <svg height="7.1750002" id="M332" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝛼</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> on the Reynolds-averaged combustion progress variable, calculated invoking the 2<svg height="10.7375" id="M333" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝛿</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>-PDF for <svg height="11.0375" id="M334" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.712502 11.0375" width="48.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐹</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0">.</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0">6</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> and different segregation factors specified in legends.</table>

Journal of Combustion

Comparison of Presumed PDF Models of Turbulent Flames

Figure 9