Socioeconomic, Rural-Urban, and Racial Inequalities in US Cancer Mortality: Part I—All Cancers and Lung Cancer and Part II—Colorectal, Prostate, Breast, and Cervical Cancers
Table 8
Socioeconomic disparities in colorectal, prostate, breast, and cervical cancer mortality rates per 100,000 population, relative risks (RRs), and gradients in mortality within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas of the United States, 2003–2007.
Metropolitan areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
Rate
SE
RR
Rate
SE
RR
Colorectal cancer mortality
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
18.06
0.18
1.13*
20.01
0.14
1.39*
Socioeconomic decile 2
19.16
0.15
1.20*
19.14
0.16
1.33*
Socioeconomic decile 3
18.29
0.13
1.14*
18.48
0.18
1.28
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
17.52
0.06
1.09*
17.57
0.17
1.22
Socioeconomic decile 8
16.48
0.11
1.03*
16.06
0.54
1.12
Socioeconomic decile 9
16.69
0.11
1.04*
15.28
0.80
1.06
Socioeconomic decile 10
16.02
0.10
1.00
14.39
1.77
1.00
Deprivation gradient1
−0.050*
0.0052
−0.079*
0.006
Prostate cancer mortality
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
26.95
0.36
1.18*
28.06
0.27
1.20*
Socioeconomic decile 2
26.17
0.28
1.14*
24.42
0.28
1.04*
Socioeconomic decile 3
23.97
0.24
1.05*
24.86
0.33
1.06*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
24.76
0.11
1.08*
24.02
0.32
1.02
Socioeconomic decile 8
24.12
0.20
1.05*
22.85
1.02
0.97
Socioeconomic decile 9
24.21
0.23
1.06*
24.55
1.60
1.05
Socioeconomic decile 10
22.88
0.21
1.00
23.48
3.67
1.00
Deprivation gradient
−0.072*
0.009
−0.178*
0.012
Breast cancer mortality
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
24.41
0.28
1.04*
24.58
0.22
1.39*
Socioeconomic decile 2
24.85
0.23
1.06*
23.85
0.25
1.35*
Socioeconomic decile 3
24.32
0.20
1.03*
22.76
0.28
1.29
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
24.26
0.09
1.03*
22.71
0.27
1.29
Socioeconomic decile 8
24.09
0.17
1.02*
21.94
0.86
1.24
Socioeconomic decile 9
23.29
0.18
0.99
22.35
1.33
1.26
Socioeconomic decile 10
23.55
0.17
1.00
17.67
2.34
1.00
Deprivation gradient
−0.028*
0.005
−0.079*
0.008
Cervical cancer mortality
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
3.60
0.11
2.11*
3.50
0.09
3.40*
Socioeconomic decile 2
3.13
0.08
1.83*
2.88
0.09
2.80*
Socioeconomic decile 3
2.83
0.07
1.65*
2.33
0.10
2.26*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
2.48
0.03
1.45*
2.04
0.09
1.98*
Socioeconomic decile 8
2.10
0.05
1.23*
1.78
0.25
1.73
Socioeconomic decile 9–10
1.71
0.03
1.00
1.03
0.25
1.00
Deprivation gradient
−0.037*
0.002
−0.060*
0.005
Metropolitan areas consist of large metro counties with population ≥1 million and smaller metro counties of population <250,000. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of small urban towns with a population <20,000 and rural towns with a population <2,500. Mortality rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. . Decile 1 of the socioeconomic deprivation index represents the most deprived group and decile 10 the least deprived group. For computing relative risks of cancer mortality, the tenth socioeconomic decile was treated as the reference category. 1Measured by the slope or unstandardized regression coefficient associated with the continuous deprivation index. 2Standard error of slope.
