Comorbidities and Concomitant Medication Use in Men with Prostate Cancer or High Levels of PSA Compared to Matched Controls: A GPRD Analysis

Table 2

Prevalence (and 95% CI) of selected comorbidities of interest among CaP patients and men with elevated PSA but no CaP, compared with matched controls, during 12 months prior to the index date in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD, 1998–2008)¹.

Comorbidity	CaP patients and matched controls			Men with elevated PSA but no CaP and matched controls
	Cases (𝑛=2,616)	Controls (𝑛=2,616)	OR (95% CI)^2	Cases (𝑛=10,128)	Controls (𝑛=10,128)	OR (95% CI)^2
Urinary tract infection	8.3 (7.2, 9.3)	2.6 (2.0, 3.2)	3.4 (2.5, 4.5)*	7.6 (7.1, 8.1)	1.7 (1.5, 2.0)	4.7 (4.0, 5.6)*
Impotence	4.0 (3.2, 4.7)	2.4 (1.9, 3.0)	1.6 (1.2, 2.3)*	3.7 (3.3, 4.1)	2.9 (2.5, 3.2)	1.3 (1.1, 1.5)*
Breast disorders	0.2 (0.0, 0.4)	0.2 (0.0, 0.4)	0.8 (0.2, 3.3)	0.1 (0.1, 0.2)	0.2 (0.1, 0.3)	0.6 (0.3, 1.3)
Hypertension	7.5 (6.5, 8.5)	6.7 (5.7, 7.6)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	5.6 (5.1, 6.0)	5.2 (4.8, 5.6)	1.1 (0.95, 1.2)
Stroke	1.7 (1.2, 2.2)	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)	1.0 (0.6, 1.6)	1.0 (0.8, 1.2)	0.9 (0.8, 1.1)	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)
Acute coronary syndrome	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	1.0 (0.6, 1.4)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.7 (0.5, 1.02)
Angina pectoris	2.7 (2.1, 3.3)	3.0 (2.4, 3.7)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	1.6 (1.4, 1.9)	1.8 (1.5, 2.0)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
Arrythmia	3.0 (2.3, 3.6)	2.7 (2.1, 3.3)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	1.6 (1.4, 1.9)	1.7 (1.5, 2.0)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)
Myocardial infarction	0.6 (0.3, 0.9)	0.7 (0.4, 1.0)	0.9 (0.4, 1.8)	0.4 (0.2, 0.5)	0.6 (0.4, 0.7)	0.7 (0.4, 1.02)
Congestive heart failure	1.4 (0.9, 1.8)	1.5 (1.0, 2.0)	0.9 (0.6, 1.5)	0.7 (0.6, 0.9)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
Hyperlipidemia	2.4 (1.8, 3.0)	2.4 (1.8, 3.0)	1.0 (0.7, 1.5)	2.0 (1.8, 2.3)	2.4 (2.1, 2.7)	0.8 (0.7, 1.02)
Low-extremity arterial occlusive disease	0.6 (0.3, 0.9)	0.5 (0.2, 0.8)	1.1 (0.5, 2.6)	0.4 (0.3, 0.5)	0.5 (0.3, 0.6)	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)
Type II diabetes	2.3 (1.7, 2.8)	2.5 (1.9, 3.1)	0.9 (0.6, 1.3)	2.0 (1.7, 2.3)	3.1 (2.7, 3.4)	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)*

¹Index date was the date of initial CaP diagnosis for prostate cancer (CaP) patients; the date of first elevated PSA test result for men with elevated PSA; the same index date as their matched cases for controls. CI = confidence interval.
²Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
*Significant difference between cases and their matched controls (𝑃<0.05).