Serum Lipids and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Malignancies in the Swedish AMORIS Study

Table 3

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for GI cancer for lipid components as continuous variables and based on cut-off points used in cardiovascular disease prevention, adjusted for age, gender, SES, fasting status, glucose (continuous), total cholesterol (continuous), and triglycerides (continuous).

	Oesophageal cancer		Stomach cancer		Colon cancer		Rectal cancer
	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)
Glucose (mmol/L)^a
Unit increase in log		2.03 (0.45–9.12)		1.09 (0.41–2.88)		2.30 (1.18–4.48)		1.14 (0.54–2.44)
<6.11	271	1.00 (Ref)	686	1.00 (Ref)	2218	1.00 (Ref)	1353	1.00 (Ref)
≥6.11	47	1.33 (0.87–2.01)	90	1.02 (0.76–1.38)	254	1.00 (0.84–1.19)	157	1.10 (0.88–1.37)
Total cholesterol  (mmol/L)^a
Unit increase in log		0.63 (0.35–1.13)		0.99 (0.67–1.47)		1.10 (0.88–1.37)		1.83 (1.38–2.44)
<6.50	224	1.00 (Ref)	523	1.00 (Ref)	1647	1.00 (Ref)	972	1.00 (Ref)
≥6.50	94	0.90 (0.70–1.15)	253	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	825	1.01 (0.92–1.10)	538	1.20 (1.07–1.34)
Triglycerides (mmol/L)^b
Unit increase in log		1.62 (1.31–2.01)		1.04 (0.90–1.21)		1.17 (1.08–1.27)		0.99 (0.89–1.09)
<1.71	214	1.00 (Ref)	569	1.00 (Ref)	2337	1.00 (Ref)	1117	1.00 (Ref)
≥1.71	104	1.37 (1.06–1.76)	207	1.04 (0.87–1.23)	135	1.15 (1.05–1.27)	393	1.00 (0.88–1.13)
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^c
Unit increase in log		0.13 (0.03–0.49)		1.40 (0.28–6.91)		0.82 (0.37–1.80)		0.80 (0.27–2.37)
<4.10	44	1.00 (Ref)	69	1.00 (Ref)	248	1.00 (Ref)	137	1.00 (Ref)
≥4.10	13	0.70 (0.29–1.65)	46	1.08 (0.62–1.88)	167	1.00 (0.75–1.34)	91	0.84 (0.57–1.24)
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^c
Unit increase in log		3.66 (1.41–9.49)		0.82 (0.39–1.71)		1.44 (0.98–2.12)		1.24 (0.73–2.12)
<1.03	6	1.00 (Ref)	10	1.00 (Ref)	54	1.00 (Ref)	32	1.00 (Ref)
≥1.03	51	4.02 (1.43–11.32)	105	1.81 (0.85–3.86)	361	1.12 (0.79–1.59)	196	0.84 (0.53–1.31)
Apolipoprotein B (mmol/L)^c
Unit increase in log		0.25 (0.06–1.01)		1.72 (0.42–7.03)		1.30 (0.63–2.68)		0.44 (0.18–1.09)
<1.50	43	1.00 (Ref)	84	1.00 (Ref)	299	1.00 (Ref)	176	1.00 (Ref)
≥1.50	14	1.38 (0.62–3.06)	31	1.01 (0.58–1.75)	116	0.92 (0.69–1.22)	52	0.56 (0.38–0.84)
Apolipoprotein A-I (mmol/L)^c
Unit increase in log		7.56 (1.58–36.10)		0.58 (0.18–1.91)		1.54 (0.83–2.85)		1.41 (0.61–3.27)
<1.05	0	N/A	3	1.00 (Ref)	14	1.00 (Ref)	10	1.00 (Ref)
≥1.05	57	N/A	112	1.28 (0.40–4.08)	401	0.98 (0.57–1.68)	218	0.68 (0.36–1.30)
LDL/HDL^c
Unit increase in log		0.41 (0.20–0.81)		1.16 (0.66–2.01)		0.78 (0.59–1.04)		0.82 (0.55–1.21)
<3.50	48	1.00 (Ref)	87	1.00 (Ref)	322	1.00 (Ref)	180	1.00 (Ref)
≥3.50	9	0.44 (0.20–0.98)	28	1.17 (0.70–1.95)	93	0.88 (0.67–1.16)	48	0.82 (0.56–1.19)
Total cholesterol/HDL^c
Unit increase in log		0.18 (0.07–0.49)		1.18 (0.56–2.48)		0.73 (0.50–1.08)		0.80 (0.47–1.38)
<5.00	47	1.00 (Ref)	87	1.00 (Ref)	309	1.00 (Ref)	169	1.00 (Ref)
≥5.00	10	0.32 (0.14–0.74)	28	0.97 (0.57–1.66)	106	0.92 (0.70–1.21)	59	1.02 (0.70–1.48)
Log (triglycerides/HDL)^c
Unit increase		0.84 (0.47–1.50)		1.32 (0.75–2.35)		0.94 (0.72–1.23)		0.95 (0.65–1.40)
<0.5	45	1.00 (Ref)	92	1.00 (Ref)	329	1.00 (Ref)	183	1.00 (Ref)
≥0.5	12	0.39 (0.16–0.97)	23	1.22 (0.61–2.44)	86	1.02 (0.72–1.45)	45	1.13 (0.70–1.85)
ApoB/ApoA-I^c
Unit increase in log		0.29 (0.12–0.70)		1.49 (0.68–3.24)		0.91 (0.61–1.35)		0.66 (0.39–1.13)
<1.00	42	1.00 (Ref)	73	1.00 (Ref)	258	1.00 (Ref)	151	1.00 (Ref)
≥1.00	15	0.51 (0.27–1.00)	42	0.95 (0.61–1.48)	157	0.90 (0.71–1.13)	77	0.71 (0.52–0.98)

^aNot adjusted for total cholesterol.
^bNot adjusted for triglycerides.
^cMeasured in Subcohort B.