Occupational Exposure to Diesel Motor Exhaust and Lung Cancer: A Dose-Response Relationship Hidden by Asbestos Exposure Adjustment? The ICARE Study
Table 4
OR of lung cancer according to diesel motor exhaust (DME) exposure among men not exposed to asbestos.
Entire Population
Population excluding subjects with high school and university degrees
Cases
Controls
OR0
95% CI
OR1
95% CI
OR2
95% CI
Cases
Controls
OR2
95% CI
%
%
%
%
Total
638
1147
313
462
Questionnaire assessment
Maximum of probability ()
No exposure
384
77.7
819
83.4
1.00
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
190
72.2
313
76.9
1.00
[ref]
Possible exposure
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
Certain exposure
110
22.3
163
16.6
1.46
1.03–2.07
1.47
1.03–2.08
1.44
1.01–2.04
73
27.8
94
23.1
1.31
0.82–2.10
Test for trend,
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.21
Duration of exposure
0
384
77.7
819
83.4
1.00
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
190
72.2
313
76.9
1.00
[ref]
≤15 years
44
8.9
68
6.9
1.36
0.82–2.25
1.36
0.82–2.25
1.30
0.78–2.17
23
8.8
36
8.8
1.13
0.55–2.33
>15 years
66
13.4
96
9.8
1.54
1.00–2.36
1.54
1.00–2.36
1.54
1.00–2.37
50
19.0
58
14.3
1.42
0.82–2.47
Test for trend,
0.047
0.047
0.047
0.21
Cumulative exposure index
0
384
77.7
819
83.3
1.0
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
1.00
[ref]
190
0.70
313
0.77
1.00
[ref]
<median (]0–31])
44
8.9
72
7.3
1.27
0.77–2.09
1.27
0.77–2.10
1.22
0.74–2.01
23
0.09
37
0.09
1.07
0.52–2.20
>median (>31)
66
13.4
92
9.4
1.62
1.05–2.51
1.63
1.05–2.52
1.62
1.05–2.52
50
0.19
57
0.14
1.47
0.84–2.55
Test for trend,
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.17
OR: odds ratio CI: confidence interval; CSI: comprehensive smoking index (see Section 2.7). OR0: adjusted for age, département, CSI, and number of jobs. OR1: adjusted for age, département, CSI, number of jobs, and employment in a List A job. OR2: adjusted for age, département, CSI, number of jobs, and cumulative exposure index of silica exposure.
