The Role of Neighborhood Characteristics in Late Stage Melanoma Diagnosis among Hispanic Men in California, Texas, and Florida, 1996–2012

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of melanoma cases in Hispanic men by stage, California, Texas, and Florida, 1996–2012.

	California			Texas			Florida
	Early	value	Late	Early	-value	Late	Early	value	Late
	Number (%)		Number (%)	Number (%)		Number (%)	Number (%)		Number (%)
Demographic variables
Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD)	59.3 ± 17.2	0.0175	57.5 ± 18	60.6 ± 15.1	0.1554	59.9 ± 16.2	65.2 ± 26.4	0.0286	63.1 ± 16.4
Age group
18–34	182 (8.1)	0.1876	68 (9.6)	207 (5.3)	0.0153	75 (6.9)	116 (3.1)	0.0282	38 (4.7)
35–49	480 (21.2)		168 (23.6)	716 (18.2)		223 (20.5)	502 (13.5)		122 (15.2)
50–64	630 (27.9)		2192 (27.0)	1338 (34.1)		327 (30.1)	1002 (27)		226 (28.1)
65 and older	954 (42.2)		274 (38.5)	1667 (42.5)		461 (42.5)	2081 (56.1)		414 (51.4)
Missing	14 (0.6)		10 (1.4)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	9 (0.2)		5 (0.6)
Race/ethnicity
White	2112 (93.5)	<0.0001	702 (98.6)	2515 (64.0)	<0.0001	820 (75.5)	1297 (35)	<0.0001	514 (63.9)
Black	0 (0.0)		2 (0.3)	68 (1.7)		79 (7.3)	121 (3.3)		104 (12.9)
Other	2 (0.1)		0 (0.0)	100 (2.6)		56 (5.2)	197 (5.3)		60 (7.5)
Unknown	146 (6.5)		8 (1.1)	1244 (31.7)		131 (12.1)	2095 (56.5)		127 (15.8)
Primary payer at diagnosis
No insurance	95 (4.2)	<0.0001	53 (7.4)	53 (1.4)	<0.0001	51 (4.7)	110 (3.0)	<0.0001	63 (7.8)
Private insurance	1236 (54.7)		298 (41.9)	258 (6.6)		106 (9.8)	1291 (34.8)		262 (32.6)
Medicaid	117 (5.2)		117 (16.4)	8 (0.2)		19 (1.8)	50 (1.4)		43 (5.3)
Medicare	503 (22.3)		172 (24.2)	205 (5.2)		113 (10.4)	1218 (32.8)		272 (33.8)
Other	27 (1.2)		15 (2.1)	55 (1.4)		7 (0.6)	43 (1.2)		11 (1.4)
Unknown	282 (12.5)		57 (8.0)	1800 (45.8)		317 (29.2)	998 (26.9)		154 (19.1)
Missing	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	1548 (39.4)		473 (43.6)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)
Clinical characteristics
Primary site
Head and neck	833 (37)	<0.0001	119 (16.7)	1383 (35.3)	<0.0001	245 (22.6)	1190 (32)	<0.0001	161 (20.1)
Trunk	660 (29.2)		126 (17.7)	1194 (30.4)		253 (23.3)	1257 (33.9)		198 (24.6)
Upper extremity	384 (17.0)		93 (13.1)	888 (22.6)		162 (14.9)	865 (23.3)		108 (13.4)
Lower extremity	370 (16.4)		195 (27.4)	385 (9.8)		215 (19.8)	371 (10)		146 (18.1)
Overlap	1 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	6 (0.2)		4 (0.4)	2 (0.1)		1 (0.1)
Unknown	12 (0.5)		179 (25.1)	71 (1.8)		207 (19.1)	25 (0.7)		191 (23.7)
Tumor thickness
T0	11 (0.5)	<0.0001	68 (9.6)	17 (0.4)	<0.0001	13 (1.2)	19 (0.5)	<0.0001	22 (2.7)
T1	794 (35.1)		59 (8.3)	630 (16.0)		113 (10.4)	776 (20.9)		82 (10.2)
T2	274 (12.1)		65 (9.1)	40 (1.0)		13 (1.2)	115 (3.1)		21 (2.6)
T3	157 (7.0)		98 (13.8)	17 (0.4)		13 (1.2)	69 (1.9)		30 (3.7)
T4	76 (3.4)		128 (18.0)	18 (0.5)		19 (1.8)	40 (1.1)		42 (5.2)
9.80 mm or larger	5 (0.2)		33 (4.6)	4 (0.1)		8 (0.7)	7 (0.2)		20 (2.5)
Unknown	943 (41.7)		261 (36.7)	2468 (62.9)		716 (65.9)	1496 (40.3)		263 (32.7)
Missing	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	733 (18.7)		191 (17.6)	1188 (32)		325 (40.4)
Presence of ulceration
No ulceration present	1201 (53.1)	<0.0001	172 (24.2)	754 (19.2)	<0.0001	48 (4.4)	1470 (39.6)	<0.0001	109 (13.5)
Ulceration present	137 (6.1)		141 (19.8)	48 (1.2)		22 (3.0)	107 (2.9)		83 (10.3)
Not collected, unknown, and missing	922 (40.8)		399 (56)	3125 (79.6)		1005 (92.6)	2133 (57.5)		613 (76.2)
Lymph node status
No lymph node metastases	1368 (60.5)		116 (16.3)	947 (24.1)		48 (4.4)	2381 (64.2)		115 (14.3)
Clinically positive lymph nodes and/or  in-transit metastasis	2 (0.1)	<0.0001	184 (25.9)	—	<0.0001	59 (5.4)	1 (0.0)	<0.0001	119 (14.8)
Information not collected, unknown, and  missing	890 (39.4)		412 (57.9)	2980 (75.9)		979 (90.2)	1328 (35.8)		571 (71)
Reason for no surgery
Surgery was performed	2138 (94.6)	<0.0001	483 (67.8)	2320 (59.1)	<0.0001	598 (55.1)	3335 (89.9)	<0.0001	577 (71.7)
Surgery not performed	83 (3.7)		203 (28.5)	67 (1.7)		118 (10.9)	344 (9.3)		179 (22.2)
Recommended, not given, refused, unknown if  performed, patient died prior to surgery, or  surgery contraindicate due to patient risk  factors	30 (1.3)		10 (1.4)	16 (0.4)		21 (2.0)	15 (0.5)		8 (1.1)
Unknown, diagnosed at autopsy, or death  certificate only	9 (0.4)		8 (1.1)	822 (20.9)		240 (22.1)	16 (0.4)		41 (5.1)
Missing	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	702 (17.9)		109 (10)	—		—
Diagnostic confirmation
Histology, including hematology	2260 (100.0)	<0.0001	683 (95.9)	3923 (99.9)	<0.0001	993 (91.4)	3704 (99.8)	<0.0001	762 (94.7)
and unknown	0 (0.0)		29 (4.1)	4 (0.1)		93 (8.6)	6 (0.2)		43 (5.3)
Histologic type
Melanoma NOS	1199 (53.1)	<0.0001	481 (67.6)	2432 (61.9)	<0.0001	722 (66.5)	2899 (77.9)	<0.0001	646 (80.3)
Nodular	125 (5.5)		128 (18.0)	89 (2.3)		66 (6.1)	97 (2.6)		66 (8.2)
Lentigo maligna	371 (16.4)		2 (0.3)	544 (13.9)		88 (8.1)	334 (9.0)		7 (0.9)
Superficial spreading	471 (20.8)		53 (7.4)	753 (19.2)		119 (11)	269 (7.3)		22 (2.7)
Acral lentiginous	94 (4.2)		48 (6.7)	56 (1.4)		53 (4.9)	50 (1.4)		27 (3.4)
	—		—	53 (1.4)		38 (3.6)	71 (2.0)		37 (4.6)

forms of diagnostic confirmation: cytology, microscopically confirmed, but type of specimen unknown, positive lab test or marker study, direct observation, radiography, clinical, and other. histologic types with corresponding histology codes: balloon cell melanoma (8722); malignant melanoma regressing (8723); amelanotic melanoma (8730); melanoma in junctional nevus (8740); melanoma in precancerous melanosis (8741); desmoplastic melanoma (8745); mucosal lentiginous melanoma (8746); melan giant pig nevus (8761); epithelioid/spindle cell melanoma (8770); epithelial cell melanoma (8771); spindle cell melanoma (8772); and blue nevus malignant (8780); values are applied within each state to compare early and late stage disease.